Search results for " STEM"
showing 10 items of 2170 documents
The angiotensin‐(1‐7)/Mas receptor axis protects from endothelial cell senescence via klotho and Nrf2 activation
2019
Endothelial cell senescence is a hallmark of vascular aging that predisposes to vascular disease. We aimed to explore the capacity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) heptapeptide angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) to counteract human endothelial cell senescence and to identify intracellular pathways mediating its potential protective action. In human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures, Ang II promoted cell senescence, as revealed by the enhancement in senescence-associated galactosidase (SA-β-gal+) positive staining, total and telomeric DNA damage, adhesion molecule expression, and human mononuclear adhesion to HUVEC monolayers. By activating the G protein-coupled receptor Mas, Ang-(1…
Paracrine effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in inflammatory stress-induced senescence features of osteoarthritic chondrocytes
2016
Aging and exposure to stress would determine the chondrocyte phenotype in osteoarthritis (OA). In particular, chronic inflammation may contribute to stress-induced senescence of chondrocytes and cartilage degeneration during OA progression. Recent studies have shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert paracrine effects protecting against degenerative changes in chondrocytes. We have investigated whether the conditioned medium (CM) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may regulate senescence features induced by inflammatory stress in OA chondrocytes. Our results indicate that CM down-regulated senescence markers induced by interleukin-1β including senescence-associated β…
Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord: a Close-up on Immunomodulatory Molecules Featured In Situ and In Vitro
2019
Therapeutic options for end-stage organ failure are often limited to whole organ transplantation. The tolerance or rejection of the transplanted organ is driven by both early non-specific innate and specific adaptive responses. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is considered a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Human umbilical cord (HUC) is an easily available source of MSCs, without relevant ethical issues. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), showed consistent immunomodulatory features that may be useful to promote immune tolerance in the host after transplantation. Few data are available on the phenotype of WJ-MSCs in situ. We investigated the expression of i…
Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders.
2017
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent…
Human neutrophil elastase induces endothelial cell apoptosis by activating the PERK‐CHOP branch of the unfolded protein response
2017
Human neutrophil elastase impacts on atherosclerotic plaque stability by inducing apoptosis in endothelial cells. Our aim was to investigate the proapoptotic mechanism of elastase on endothelial cells and to evaluate the presence of elastase in human plaque material. Human endothelial cells were treated with purified human neutrophil elastase. Apoptosis was assayed by capsase-3/7 activation, TUNEL, and sub-G1 assay. Activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) effector molecules binding Ig protein, soluble X-binding protein-1, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot. Genetic silencing of CHO…
Cellular Response to Spinal Cord Injury in Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Stages in Xenopus Laevis
2020
Abstract Background The efficient regenerative abilities at larvae stages followed by a non-regenerative response after metamorphosis in froglets makes Xenopus an ideal model organism to understand the cellular responses leading to spinal cord regeneration. Methods We compared the cellular response to spinal cord injury between the regenerative and non-regenerative stages of Xenopus laevis. For this analysis, we used electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histological staining of the extracellular matrix. We generated two transgenic lines: i) the reporter line with the zebrafish GFAP regulatory regions driving the expression of EGFP, and ii) a cell specific inducible ablation line with…
Importance of stem cell culture conditions for their derived extracellular vesicles therapeutic effect.
2021
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be enhanced by modifying specific in vitro parameters when culturing their originating stem cells. Controlling stem cell growth conditions with physical properties, oxygen tension and media preconditioning with soluble factors may influence EVs biogenesis and EVs biological function as well. Unfortunately, many misconceptions and methodological issues have hampered the progress in understanding the biological properties of EVs. In this review we will first discuss the major concerns involved in a suitable EVs production from stem cell culture. Then, we will describe the current techniques for EV isolation, focusing on their advantages and…
Comparative study of the production of soluble factors in human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells grown in adherent conditions or as ag…
2019
Abstract Different approaches have been studied in both preclinical and clinical settings to develop cell-based therapies and/or engineered cell-based therapies to better integrate grafts with the host. In these techniques, much attention is addressed to the use of adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but identifying and obtaining sufficient numbers of therapeutic cells, and the right route of administration, is often a challenge. In this study, we tested the feasibility of encapsulating human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) in a semipermeable and biocompatible fiber as a new approach for regenerative medicine. Our data showed that hAMSCs aggregated in the device constitutes…
Gut germinal center regeneration and enhanced antiviral immunity by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in SIV infection.
2021
Although antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, it does not eliminate viral reservoirs or restore damaged lymphoid tissue, posing obstacles to HIV eradication. Using the SIV model of AIDS, we investigated the effect of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) infusions on gut mucosal recovery, antiviral immunity, and viral suppression and determined associated molecular/metabolic signatures. MSC administration to SIV-infected macaques resulted in viral reduction and heightened virus-specific responses. Marked clearance of SIV-positive cells from gut mucosal effector sites was correlated with robust regeneration of germinal centers, restoration of follicular B cells and T follicular h…
A Spatially Resolved Dark- Versus Light-Zone Microenvironment Signature Subdivides Germinal Center-Related Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas
2020
Summary: We applied digital spatial profiling for 87 immune and stromal genes to lymph node germinal center (GC) dark- and light-zone (DZ/LZ) regions of interest to obtain a differential signature of these two distinct microenvironments. The spatially resolved 53-genes signature, comprising key genes of the DZ mutational machinery and LZ immune and mesenchymal milieu, was applied to the transcriptomes of 543 GC-related diffuse large B cell lymphomas and double-hit (DH) lymphomas. According to the DZ/LZ signature, the GC-related lymphomas were sub-classified into two clusters. The subgroups differed in the distribution of DH cases and survival, with most DH displaying a distinct DZ-like prof…