Search results for " STRESS"
showing 10 items of 3936 documents
Pinitol alleviates systemic inflammatory cytokines in human obesity by a mechanism involving unfolded protein response and sirtuin 1
2017
Summary Background & aims It is known that pinitol acts as a mediator of the insulin-signaling pathway, though little is known about its anti-inflammatory effect in human obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pinitol on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT), focusing on the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Methods In the intervention study, thirteen obese subjects consumed a pinitol-enriched beverage (PEB) for 12 weeks. In the ex vivo study, a biopsy of VAT and SAT was removed from thirty-four obese patients and incubated with D-pinitol for 48 h. Results The consump…
Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Pathophysiology of Disease-Related Malnutrition in Leukocytes of an Outpatient P…
2019
Cellular pathways such as inflammation or oxidative stress are the cause and triggers of disease-related malnutrition (DRM), but the influence of these markers on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between mitochondrial function and ER stress parameters in a DRM population. The study population was composed of 82 outpatient subjects, of whom 45 were diagnosed with DRM and 37 were confirmed to be normonourished according to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ASPEN criteria. We evaluated anthropometrical and biochemical parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum. Oxidative and ER stress markers …
Keep your eyes open: dispositional vigilance moderates the relationship between operational police stress and stress symptoms.
2017
ABSTRACTBackground: Vigilant coping is characterized by a deep processing of threat-related information. In many cases, vigilant coping increases stress symptoms, whereas avoidant coping decreases negative affect. However, vigilance may be beneficial when stress-eliciting situations involve a risk of injury or escalation as is usually the case in police operations. Design: We investigated the roles of vigilance and cognitive avoidance in police operations in a cross-sectional survey. Methods: The participants were 137 students (104 men, Mage = 28.54, SD = 8.04) from the Federal University of Applied Administrative Sciences; 76 of them were already police officers (work experience: M = 12.59…
Predicting presenteeism via effort-reward imbalance and dispositional optimism: Is it the interaction that matters? Results from The Saxony Longitudi…
2019
BACKGROUND The importance of experienced work stress and individual traits as well as their interplay is analyzed with regard to dysfunctional coping behavior in case of sickness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the predictive capability of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) including overcommitment, meaning the intrinsic propensity in terms of excessive work-related expenditure (OC), in consideration of dispositional optimism/pessimism on presenteeism. METHODS A total of 353 men and women aged 38 from the 25th panel wave of The Saxony Longitudinal Study in 2011 were included in the analysis. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) including overcommitment was assessed with the Effort-Rewar…
How Work Characteristics Are Related to European Workers’ Psychological Well-Being. A Comparison of Two Age Groups
2018
This study aimed to analyze the mechanisms through which work characteristics are related to psychological well-being, exploring the mediational role of work meaningfulness and job satisfaction, and investigating differences in the patterns of relationships between two age groups. The sample was composed of 36,896 workers from the 5th European Working Conditions Survey. Structural equation modeling analyses and multiple group analyses were performed. The results revealed a parallel mediational model, in which work meaningfulness and general job satisfaction mediate the relationships between work characteristics and well-being. Additionally, job satisfaction partially mediates the relationsh…
Salivary alpha-amylase response to acute psychosocial stress: The impact of age
2011
a b s t r a c t The impact of stress on health varies across the different stages of human life. Aging is associated with psychobiological changes that could limit our ability to cope with stressors. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the physiological mechanisms that underlie the stress response and the changes that occur in them as we age. Our aim was to investigate age differences in the salivary alpha amylase (sAA) response to stress, and its relationship with other typical stress biomarkers such as cortisol and heart rate (HR). Sixty-two participants divided into two age groups (younger group: N = 31, age range: 18-35 years; older group: N = 31, age range: 54-71 years) were exposed to…
Impaired plasma nitric oxide availability and extracellular superoxide dismutase activity in healthy humans with advancing age
2006
This study is aimed to verify the modifications of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activity and its potential involvement on the mechanism responsible for the impairment of plasma nitric oxide (NO) availability occurring with advancing age in healthy humans. For this purpose, plasma samples were drawn from 40 healthy men, aged 20-92 years, in fasting state and used for measurements of stable end-product nitrite/nitrate (NOx), as expression of NO availability, EC-SOD activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as marker of lipid peroxidation, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) as a measure of plasma total antioxidant capacity, and in vitro susceptibility …
No evidence for a correlation of glutathione S-tranferase polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis.
2011
OBJECTIVE: Cellular detoxification mechanisms are mandatory for cellular protection against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. One major group of antioxidative active enzymes involved in cellular detoxification are the Glutathione S-Transferases (GST). Multiple subtypes like GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 and variants of them are known, arising from allelic variations of the GST loci. Moreover, functional variants occur in high percentages and have been associated with diseases like bronchial asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The interplay of oxidative stress, detoxifying genes like GSTs and the genesis of respiratory tract illness is under contradictory debate. In this study, w…
Disease-associated polymorphisms in ERAP1 do not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
2014
The mechanism by which human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) contributes to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. Genetic studies demonstrate that association with and interaction between polymorphisms of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and HLA-B27 influence the risk of AS. It has been hypothesised that ERAP1-mediated HLA-B27 misfolding increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, driving an interleukin (IL) 23-dependent, pro-inflammatory immune response. We tested the hypothesis that AS-risk ERAP1 variants increase ER-stress and concomitant pro-inflammatory cytokine production in HLA-B27(+) but not HLA-B27(-) AS patients or controls. Forty-nine AS cases and 22 healthy…
Diet supplementation during early lactation with non-alcoholic beer increases the antioxidant properties of breastmilk and decreases the oxidative da…
2013
After delivery and birth, mothers and neonates are exposed to oxidative stress. We tested whether supplementing the diet of breastfeeding mothers with non-alcoholic beer, a product rich in antioxidants, could improve their oxidative status and the antioxidant content of their milk. A prospective trial begun on Day 2 postpartum was conducted in mother-infant dyads.Sixty breastfeeding mothers and their infants were allocated to either a control group (n=30) on a free diet or a study group (n=30) on a free diet supplemented with 660 mL of non-alcoholic beer/day. The oxidative status of the mothers' breastmilk, plasma, and urine and the infant's urine was analyzed on Days 2 and 30 postpartum. T…