Search results for " SUBSTRATE"
showing 10 items of 129 documents
Refuting the challenges of the developmental shift of polarity of GABA actions: GABA more exciting than ever!
2012
International audience; During brain development, there is a progressive reduction of intracellular chloride associated with a shift in GABA polarity: GABA depolarizes and occasionally excites immature neurons, subsequently hyperpolarizing them at later stages of development. This sequence, which has been observed in a wide range of animal species, brain structures and preparations, is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent formation and modulation of functional circuits. This sequence has also been considerably reinforced recently with new data pointing to an evolutionary preserved rule. In a recent ``Hypothesis and Theory Article,'' the excitatory action of GABA in early …
Motor and linguistic linking of space and time in the cerebellum
2009
Background: Recent literature documented the presence of spatial-temporal interactions in the human brain. The aim of the present study was to verify whether representation of past and future is also mapped onto spatial representations and whether the cerebellum may be a neural substrate for linking space and time in the linguistic domain. We asked whether processing of the tense of a verb is influenced by the space where response takes place and by the semantics of the verb. Principal Findings: Responses to past tense were facilitated in the left space while responses to future tense were facilitated in the right space. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right cereb…
Effect of mode of operation, substrate and final electron acceptor on single-chamber membraneless microbial fuel cell operating with a mixed community
2018
Abstract Waste minimization and circular thinking are to be achieved in order to cope with the limited amount of resources of our planet. In this perspective, bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) can contribute to the global balance with their ability to extract chemical residual energy from wastewater and transform it directly into electrical current. BESs development has been limited by the cost connected to reactor design, in which membranes and cathode catalyst constituted a major drawback. In this paper we report the optimization process of a simple reactor without membranes or precious catalyst that produced 47.1 mW m−2, which is more than what achieved with configurations including mem…
Optimization of ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al structures for ultra-thin high-performance transparent conductive electrodes
2012
Al-doped ZnO (AZO)/Ag/AZO multilayer coatings (50-70 nm thick) were grown at room temperature on glass substrates with different silver layer thickness, from 3 to 19 nm, by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Thermal stability of the compositional, optical and electrical properties of the AZO/Ag/AZO structures were investigated up to 400 °C and as a function of Ag film thickness. An AZO film as thin as 20 nm is an excellent barrier to Ag diffusion. The inclusion of 9.5 nm thin silver layer within the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material leads to a maximum enhancement of the electro-optical characteristics. The excellent measured properties of low resistance, high transmittanc…
Evaluation of Green Roof Ageing Effects on Substrate Hydraulic Characteristics
2020
The vegetated substrate of green roofs may undergo various chemical and physical changes with time. Minidisk infiltrometer (MDI) tests were conducted to assess the short-term variations of the near-saturated hydraulic conductivity, K0, in the extensive green roof test plot established at the University of Palermo. Sampling was repeated four times: before planting (Age 0) and then after four months (Age 1), seven months (Age 2) and ten months (Age 3). A total of 144 infiltration tests were conducted at two pressure heads, h0 = −3 cm and h0 = −0.5 cm and infiltration data analysed by the Zhang (Soil Science Society of America Journal 61(4):1024–1030, 1997) model. Both K-3 and K-0.5 underwent …
Polymer/metal hybrid multilayers modified Schottky devices
2013
Insulating, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and semiconducting, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), nanometer thick polymers/Au nanoparticles based hybrid multilayers (HyMLs) were fabricated on p-Si single-crystal substrate. An iterative method, which involves, respectively, spin-coating (PMMA and P3HT deposition) and sputtering (Au nanoparticles deposition) techniques to prepare Au/HyMLs/p-Si Schottky device, was used. The barrier height and the ideality factor of the Au/HyMLs/p-Si Schottky devices were investigated by current-voltage measurements in the thickness range of 1-5 bilayers. It was observed that the barrier height of such hybrid layered systems can be tuned as a function of bilayers …
Optical contrast of 2D InSe on SiO2/Si and transparent substrates using bandpass filters
2017
The particular optical and electronic properties recently reported for 2D InSe depict this 2D material as being very versatile for future electronic and optoelectronic devices with tunable and optimized functionalities. For its fundamental study and the development of practical applications, rapid and accurate identification methods of atomically thin InSe are essential. Here, we demonstrate an enhancement of the optical contrast between InSe nanosheets and the underlying SiO2/Si substrate by illuminating with a 40 nm wide bandpass filter centered at 500 nm. Moreover, we study the optical contrast of 2D InSe on transparent substrates. Our results suggest that a good optical contrast is achi…
Ink4/Arf locus restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice with impaired IRS2-dependent…
2015
Single nucleotide polymorphisms near the Ink4/Arf locus have been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies indicate a protective role of the locus in the carbohydrate metabolism derangement associated with ageing in wild-type mice. The present study demonstrates that the increased Ink4/Arf locus expression in 1-year-old mice, partially-deficient for the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)2 (Irs2 +/-SuperInk4/Arf mice) ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Irs2 +/-SuperInk4/Arf mice displayed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared with Irs2 +/- mice which were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant compared with age-matched …
Proteomic Analyses Reveal an Acidic Prime Side Specificity for the Astacin Metalloprotease Family Reflected by Physiological Substrates
2011
Astacins are secreted and membrane-bound metalloproteases with clear associations to many important pathological and physiological processes. Yet with only a few substrates described their biological roles are enigmatic. Moreover, the lack of knowledge of astacin cleavage site specificities hampers assay and drug development. Using PICS (proteomic identification of protease cleavage site specificity) and TAILS (terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates) degradomics approaches >3000 cleavage sites were proteomically identified for five different astacins. Such broad coverage enables family-wide determination of specificities N- and C-terminal to the scissile peptide bond. Remarkably, me…
Surface modifications induced by nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation of metallic substrates
2006
International audience; Substrate surface preparation is a key step in coating deposition process. In recent years, pulsed laser cleaning has emerged as a possible technique to challenge the traditional preparation methods (based on degreasing and eventually grit-blasting). The laser operated at short-pulse mode offers high cleaning efficiency and therefore has been largely used. In a specific process named PROTAL®, a nanosecond pulsed laser is introduced to prepare the surface simultaneously to thermal spraying, with the purpose of eliminating the contaminants and generating favorite surface conditions for coating deposition. This study aims at clarifying some fundamental aspects of nanose…