Search results for " Scanning"

showing 10 items of 988 documents

Polymeric nanospheres as strategy to increase the amount of triclosan retained in the skin: passive diffusion vs. iontophoresis

2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive and iontophoretic permeation of triclosan in human skin using a triclosan solution and triclosan-loaded cationic nanospheres in order to determine which of the two strategies is more effective in allowing the deposition of triclosan within the skin. Triclosan-loaded nanospheres were prepared by the emulsification-solvent displacement technique using aminoalkyl methacrylate (Eudragit® RL 100) as polymer matrix. Nanospheres of 261.0 ± 15.1 nm with a positive surface charge (Ψz = 26.0 ± 3.2 mV) were obtained. Drug loading was 62.0 ± 1.7%. Results demonstrated that the amount of triclosan retained within the skin was significantly greater (8.5-f…

Materials sciencePharmaceutical ScienceBioengineeringHuman skinMethacrylateDiffusionchemistry.chemical_compoundColloid and Surface ChemistryParticle SizePhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySolubilityChromatography High Pressure LiquidSkinChromatographyIontophoresisOrganic ChemistryCationic polymerizationIontophoresisPermeationControlled releaseTriclosanTriclosanSolubilitychemistryMicroscopy Electron ScanningNanospheresJournal of Microencapsulation
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Near-IR- and UV-femtosecond laser waveguide inscription in silica glasses

2019

The influence of laser parameters on silica based waveguide inscription is investigated by using femtosecond laser pulses at 1030 nm (near-IR) and at 343 nm (UV). Negative phase contrast microscopy technique is used to measure the refractive index contrast for different photo-inscribed waveguides and shows the effects of both laser wavelength and scanning speed. In particular, UV photons have a higher efficiency in the waveguide production process as also confirmed by the lower optical losses at 1550 nm in these waveguides. These measurements are combined with micro-Raman and photoluminescence techniques, highlighting that laser exposure induces both structural modification of the silica an…

Materials sciencePhotoluminescenceLaser scanning02 engineering and technologyLaser waveguide inscriptionSilica glasse01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticslaw0103 physical sciencesMicroscopyRefractive index contrastbusiness.industry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyLaserUltrashort laser pulseElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialsphotoluminescence spectroscopyFemtosecondRaman spectroscopyOptoelectronics0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive indexWaveguide
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ZnO-latex hybrids obtained by polymer-controlled crystallization: a spectroscopic investigation.

2007

Micro- and submicrosized ZnO-polymer hybrid materials were synthesized by precipitating zinc oxide from an aqueous medium in the presence of poly(styrene-acrylic acid) latex nanoparticles, prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Up to 10 wt % of the latex becomes incorporated into the crystals. Although the long-range order of the inorganic material is essentially not altered by the polymer, studies by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) show that the latex particles influence the optical and paramagnetic properties of the hybrids, which can be correlated with changes in the defect structure. Typical PL emission spectra showed a narrow UV peak and …

Materials sciencePhotoluminescenceLatexLightPhotochemistryPolymersUltraviolet RaysPhotochemistrylaw.inventionlawPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCrystallizationElectron paramagnetic resonanceSpectroscopychemistry.chemical_classificationPhotonsChemistry PhysicalElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyTemperaturePolymerSurfaces Coatings and FilmsNanostructuresMiniemulsionPolymerizationchemistryModels ChemicalSpectrophotometryMicroscopy Electron ScanningZinc OxideHybrid materialCrystallizationThe journal of physical chemistry. B
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Core-shell PLA/Kef hybrid scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications prepared by direct kefiran coating on PLA electrospun fibers optimized v…

2021

Abstract Over the recent years, there is a growing interest in electrospun hybrid scaffolds composed of synthetic and natural polymers that can support cell attachment and proliferation. In this work, the physical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun mats coated with kefiran (Kef) were evaluated. Gravimetric, spectroscopic (FTIR-ATR) and morphological investigations via scanning electron microscopy confirmed the effective formation of a thin kefiran layer wrapped on the PLA fibers with an easy-tunable thickness. Air plasma pre-treatment carried out on PLA (P-PLA) affected both the morphology and the crystallinity of Kef coating as confirmed by differential scanning…

Materials sciencePolyestersBioengineeringmacromolecular substances02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesPolylactic acidBiomaterialschemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallinityDifferential scanning calorimetrystomatognathic systemPolylactic acidTissue engineeringCoatingPolysaccharidesCold plasma treatmentElectrospinningTissue EngineeringTissue Scaffoldstechnology industry and agricultureKefiranequipment and supplies021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyElectrospinning0104 chemical sciencesPolyesterchemistryChemical engineeringMechanics of MaterialsKefiranengineeringlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Fibroblast cells0210 nano-technology
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Hyperbranched PEG by Random Copolymerization of Ethylene Oxide and Glycidol

2010

The synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol) (hbPEG) in one step was realized by random copolymerization of ethylene oxide and glycidol, leading to a biocompatible, amorphous material with multiple hydroxyl functionalities. A series of copolymers with moderate polydispersity ($\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} /\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ < 1.8) was obtained with varying glycidol content (3-40 mol-%) and molecular weights up to 49 800 g mol(-1) . The randomly branched structure of the copolymers was confirmed by (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry). MTS assay demonstrated low cell toxicity of the hyperbranched PEG, comparable to the highly…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsEthylene oxideOrganic ChemistryGlycidolchemistry.chemical_compoundDifferential scanning calorimetrychemistryPolymer chemistryContent (measure theory)PEG ratioMaterials ChemistryCopolymerThermal analysisEthylene glycolMacromolecular Rapid Communications
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Thermal behavior and spherulitic superstructures of SBC triblock copolymers based on polystyrene (S), polybutadiene (B) and a crystallizable poly(ɛ-c…

1996

The dynamic crystallization and the melting behavior of polystyrene-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PS-b-PCL, short notation SC), polybutadiene-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PB-b-PCL, BC) and polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PS-b-PB-b-PCL, SBC) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The copolymers with high molecular weight exhibit microphase separation into microphases consisting of polystyrene, polybutadiene and poly(e-caprolactone) and partial crystallization of the corresponding PCL block. The crystallization occurs at temperatures below the PS glass transition. Depending on the block copolymer composition, crystallization takes place through a c…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryCondensed Matter Physicslaw.inventionAvrami equationchemistry.chemical_compoundPolybutadieneDifferential scanning calorimetrychemistrylawPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryMelting pointCopolymerPolystyrenePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCrystallizationGlass transitionMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics
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Effect of CTBN rubber inclusions on the curing kinetic of DGEBA–DGEBF epoxy resin

2003

Abstract The curing kinetics of an epoxy resin matrix, based on diglycil ether of bisphenol A and F (DGEBA–DGEBF), associated with an anhydride hardener, at different carboxyl-terminated copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) concentration (0–10 phr) are studied using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a stress-controlled rheometer in isothermal and dynamic conditions. The aim of this work is to correlate the presence of the rubber phase with the transition phenomena that occur during the curing process. The CTBN rubber induces a catalytic effect on the polymerization of the pure resin clearly observed by a significant enhancement of the curing rate. Calori…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic Chemistrytechnology industry and agricultureGeneral Physics and AstronomyEpoxyChemo-rheologyIsothermal processchemistry.chemical_compoundSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialiDifferential scanning calorimetryEpoxyNatural rubberchemistryvisual_artMaterials Chemistryvisual_art.visual_art_mediumCopolymerPultrusionCuringAcrylonitrileComposite materialNitrile rubberCuring (chemistry)European Polymer Journal
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Analysis of pectin biopolymer phase states using acoustic emissions.

2019

Acoustic emissions are stress or elastic waves produced by a material under external load. Since acoustic emissions are generated from within and transmitted through the substance, the acoustic signature provides insights into the physical and mechanical properties of the material. In this report, we used a constant velocity probe with force and acoustic emission monitoring to investigate the properties of glass phase and gel phase pectin films. In the gel phase films, a constant velocity uniaxial load produced periodic premonitory acoustic emissions with coincident force variations (saw-tooth pattern). SEM images of the gel phase microarchitecture indicated the presence of slip planes. In …

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsScanning electron microscopePolymers02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesElectronArticlePhase TransitionMacromolecular and Materials ChemistryStress (mechanics)Acoustic emissionsFood SciencesCoincidentPhase (matter)Materials ChemistryScanningComposite materialMicroscopyOrganic ChemistryAcousticsX-Ray Microtomography021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPectin0104 chemical sciencesPolymerizationAcoustic emissionengineeringMicroscopy Electron ScanningAcoustic signaturePectinsBiopolymer0210 nano-technologyScanning electron microscopy
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Accelerated laboratory weathering of polypropylene composites filled with synthetic silicon-based compounds

2019

Abstract Non-functionalized and n-alkyl functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), siloxane-silsesquioxane resins and the sol-gel silicas were for the first time examined as possible UV-stabilizers and/or antioxidants in polypropylene (PP). The obtained composites were subjected to the accelerated laboratory weathering tests. The influence of the weathering conditions on the structure and properties of the PP materials was evaluated on the basis of the results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. It was found that weathering resistance of the PP materials was strongly de…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsSiliconScanning electron microscopepolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanesiloxane-silsesquioxane resinchemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural scienceslaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundDifferential scanning calorimetrylawMaterials ChemistryCrystallizationFourier transform infrared spectroscopyPolypropylenechemistry.chemical_classificationPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics0104 chemical scienceschemistryChemical engineeringMechanics of Materialsaccelerated laboratory weatheringsilica0210 nano-technologyDispersion (chemistry)polypropylenePolymer Degradation and Stability
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Thermal and Structural Analysis of Natural Fiber Reinforced Starch-Based Biocomposites

2006

This is the second part of a series of articles dealing with characterization of starch based biodegradable composites. Potato, sweet potato, and corn starch varieties were used as matrices of the biocomposites. Natural fibers including jute, sisal, and cabuya were used as discrete reinforcement. Water and glycols were used as plasticizers. Compression molded specimens were prepared and characterized by a variety of techniques. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal behavior of these composites. Processed specimens did not show the typical endothermic peak observed in DSC scans for native starch powder. No significant differe…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsStarchGeneral Chemical EngineeringPlasticizerfood and beveragesEndothermic processAnalytical ChemistryThermogravimetrychemistry.chemical_compoundDifferential scanning calorimetrychemistryFiberComposite materialcomputerSISALNatural fibercomputer.programming_languageInternational Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials
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