Search results for " Screening"
showing 10 items of 898 documents
Essential of audiology: screening and postscreening
2014
Newborn hearing screening is a type of screening testfor the early detection of hearing loss. It can recognizewith good accuracy newborns affected by hearingimpairment allowing an early diagnosis and interventionand avoiding cognitive and linguistic deficits [1-6].The incidence of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL) in Sicily is 2.35 cases per 1000 newborns; thisvalue increases to 2.95 if we consider also unilateral SNHL[2,3] and to 10 cases per 1000 births among infants at risk[7-9].A correct newborn hearing screening programme isbased on different protocols depending on the presence/absence of audiologic risk factors:† Newborns without risk factors: [1-3]Initial Hearing Screening (…
Transfusion‐transmitted malaria of plasmodium malariae in palermo, sicily
2021
Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare occurrence with serious consequences for the recipient. In non-endemic areas, the incidence of transmission of malaria by transfusion is very low. We report a clinical case of transfusion-transmitted malaria due to Plasmodium malariae, which happened in a patient with acute hemorrhagic gastropathy. Case presentation: In April 2019, a 70-year-old Italian man with recurrent spiking fever for four days was diagnosed with a P. malariae infection, as confirmed using microscopy and real-time PCR. The patient had never been abroad, but about two months before, he had received a red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Regarding the donor, we revealed t…
The Role of Vaccination and Screening in Limiting the Worldwide Disease Burden of Preventable Female Cancers: A Review
2020
Cancer represents one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Among women, breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer and the principal cause of death due to malignant disease, while cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The present review aims to analyze the epidemiology of cervical and breast cancer (incidence, mortality, survival rates, and trends). Moreover, the most important primary and secondary preventive strategies (reduction of risk factors, exposure, vaccination, cancer screening) intended to reduce the future burden of cervical and breast cancer, that should be adopted actively and free of charge, were discussed in accordance to more recent and evi…
Retinopathy of prematurity-current diagnosis and management
1993
Despite advances in ophthalmological care of premature infants, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a still unsolved problem for paediatricians as well as ophthalmologists. A survey of the current literature concerning drug therapy and surgical management as related to the different stages of ROP is given. The classification system for ROP according to the International Committee is presented as well as our screening policy in relation to the literature. The effectiveness in preventing severe cases of ROP and the toxicity of vitamin E supplementation in high-risk premature infants is still disputed and no recommendations can be given. Cryotherapy is recommended in symmetric cases of st…
Ocular Refraction at Birth and Its Development During the First Year of Life in a Large Cohort of Babies in a Single Center in Northern Italy
2020
The purpose of this study was to investigate refraction at birth and during the first year of life in a large cohort of babies born in a single center in Northern Italy. We also aimed to analyze refractive errors in relation to the gestational age at birth. An observational ophthalmological assessment was performed within 24 h of birth on 12,427 newborns. Refraction was examined using streak retinoscopy after the administration of tropicamide (1%). Values in the range of between +0.50 ≤ D ≤ +4.00 were defined as physiological refraction at birth. Newborns with refraction values outside of the physiological range were followed up during the first year of life. Comparative analyses were condu…
Perifērās neiropātijas izmeklēšana hemodialīzes pacientiem
2018
Pamatinformācija: Hroniska nieru slimība (HNS) ir globāla veselības problēma, kuras vidējā izplatība Eiropā ir 18.4 %. Perifērā neiropātija (PN) ir visizplatītākā neiroloģiskā komplikācija (~ 60 līdz 100 %) šiem pacientiem. PN diagnoze ietver padziļinātu klīnisko izmeklēšanu, tai skaitā pacienta slimības vēstures analīzi, neiroloģisko izmeklēšanu, laboratorisko testēšanu un elektrofizioloģiskās izmeklēšanas metodes. Skrīninga metodes var palīdzēt agrīni noteikt PN HNS pacientiem un laicīgi sākt terapiju, mainot slimības attīstības gaitu. Mērķis: Noteikt perifēro neiropātiju HNS pacientiem ar Mičiganas neiropātijas skrīninga metodes (MNSI) palīdzību, kas apstiprināta un pielietota cukura dia…
In vivo phage display: identification of organ-specific peptides using deep sequencing and differential profiling across tissues.
2021
Abstract In vivo phage display is widely used for identification of organ- or disease-specific homing peptides. However, the current in vivo phage biopanning approaches fail to assess biodistribution of specific peptide phages across tissues during the screen, thus necessitating laborious and time-consuming post-screening validation studies on individual peptide phages. Here, we adopted bioinformatics tools used for RNA sequencing for analysis of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data to estimate the representation of individual peptides during biopanning in vivo. The data from in vivo phage screen were analyzed using differential binding—relative representation of each peptide in the target…
Euphosantianane E–G: Three New Premyrsinane Type Diterpenoids from Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae with Contribution to Chemotaxonomy
2019
Euphorbia species were widely used in traditional medicines for the treatment of several diseases. From the aerial parts of Egyptian endemic plant, Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae, three new premyrsinane diterpenoids, namely, euphosantianane E&ndash
Cytotoxic and protein kinase inhibiting nakijiquinones and nakijiquinols from the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia.
2014
Chemical investigation of the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia afforded five new sesquiterpene aminoquinones (1-5), two new sesquiterpene benzoxazoles (6 and 7), the known analogue 18-hydroxy-5-epi-hyrtiophenol (8), and a known glycerolipid. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and by MS analyses, as well as by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1-5 showed potent cytotoxicity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 3.7 μM. When tested in vitro for their inhibitory potential against 16 different protein kinases, compounds 5, 6, and 8 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against AL…
Activity of three cytotoxic isoflavonoids from Erythrina excelsa and Erythrina senegalensis (neobavaisoflavone, sigmoidin H and isoneorautenol) towar…
2013
Abstract Introduction Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy has become a worldwide concern. Naturally occuring isoflavonoids possess a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer effects. The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of three naturally occuring isoflavonoids, neobavaisoflavone ( 1 ), sigmoidin H ( 2 ) and a pterocarpan that is a special type of isoflavonoid, isoneorautenol ( 3 ) against a panel of nine cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. Methods The cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined using a resazurin reduction assay, whereas the caspase-Glo assay was used to detect t…