Search results for " Semantics"
showing 10 items of 95 documents
Conceptual graph operations for formal visual reasoning in the medical domain
2014
International audience; Objective - Conceptual graphs (CGs) are used to represent clinical guidelines because they support visual reasoning with a logical background, making them a potentially valuable representation for guidelines.Materials and methods - Conceptual graph formalism has an essential and basic component: a formal vocabulary that drives all of the other mechanisms, notably specialization and projection. The graph's theoretical operations, such as projection, rules, derivation, constraints, probabilities and uncertainty, support diagrammatic reasoning.Results - A conceptual graph's graphical user interface includes a multilingual vocabulary management, some query and decision-m…
Semantic to intelligent web era
2013
International audience; The Web has known a very fast evolution: going from the Web 1.0, known as Web of Documents where users are merely consumers of static information, to the more dynamic Web 2.0, known as social or collaborative Web where users produce and consume information simultaneously, and entering the more sophisticated Web 3.0, known as the Semantic Web by giving information a well-defined meaning so that it becomes more easily accessible by human users and automated processes. Fostering service intelligence and atomicity (the ability of autonomous services to interact automatically), remains one of the most upcoming challenges of the Semantic Web. This promotes the dawn of a ne…
Zum Zusammenspiel von Textsorten-und Kulturspezifika in der Übersetzung von Weinbesprechungen
2017
International audience; FragestellungWeinbesprechungen stellen für Weinliebhaber – aber auch für Winzer und Weinhändler – eine wichtige Informationsquelle dar, um Wein zu kaufen bzw. zu bewerben (Lehrer 1975, Suárez-Toste 2007, Wislocka Breit 2014, Gautier/Lavric 2015). Vor dem Hintergrund einer Globalisierung des Weinhandels werden diese Texte immer öfter übersetzt, was zur folgenden Frage führt: Wie wird im Übersetzungsprozess mit der Textsorten- und Kulturspezifik dieser Textsorte umgegangen?-Auf Textsortenebene weisen Weinbesprechungen sowohl übereinzelsprachliche, als auch sprachspezifische Züge auf: Sie reihen sich somit in bestimmte Diskurstraditionen (s. unten) ein, die sich in Ausg…
LC3 A Spatial-temporal Data Model to Study Qualified Land Cover Changes
2015
International audience; Land cover changes caused by humans have reached points never witnessed in history before. Consequences of these changes are environmental degradation, pollution of water, biodiversity loss and climate change among others. It is in this frame that the interest of the scientific community for this type of events has increased in the last decades. Nowadays, researchers have access to sophisticated monitoring tools and techniques. However, the new threat is that over abundance of information would hide relevant facts and processes. In our research we use data from the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) program. This program has compiled land cover i…
A word prediction methodology for automatic sentence completion
2015
Word prediction generally relies on n-grams occurrence statistics, which may have huge data storage requirements and does not take into account the general meaning of the text. We propose an alternative methodology, based on Latent Semantic Analysis, to address these issues. An asymmetric Word-Word frequency matrix is employed to achieve higher scalability with large training datasets than the classic Word-Document approach. We propose a function for scoring candidate terms for the missing word in a sentence. We show how this function approximates the probability of occurrence of a given candidate word. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms non neural network lang…
On Language Adequacy
2015
Abstract The paper concentrates on the problem of adequate reflection of fragments of reality via expressions of language and inter-subjective knowledge about these fragments, called here, in brief, language adequacy. This problem is formulated in several aspects, the most general one being: the compatibility of the language syntax with its bi-level semantics: intensional and extensional. In this paper, various aspects of language adequacy find their logical explication on the ground of the formal-logical theory of syntax T of any categorial language L generated by the so-called classical categorial grammar, and also on the ground of its extension to the bi-level, intensional and ex- tensio…
Indeterminacy Reduction in Agent Communication Using a Semantic Language
2015
In recent years, the importance of vagueness and uncertainty in the messages exchanged between agents has been highlighted, mainly due to the ubiquitous nature of the (artificial or human) agents’ communication. The imprecision in the communication becomes more significant when the autonomy of the agents increases or the number of exchanged messages for a communicative goal is limited. In this paper we conjugate ideas drawn from situation semantics theory, human communication, and the multi-agent systems (MAS) field to reduce the impact of vagueness and uncertainty present in the communication. The main advances are achieved with the help of context information, collaboration and reinforcem…
A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Ancient Latin Texts Concerning the Concept of aether : Some Methodological Considerations
2022
My study focuses on the semantic analysis of an ambiguous Latin word, aether, which may roughly be translated as ‘celestial substance’. The study is carried out by utilising both qualitative and quantitative methods on a digital text corpus containing Latin literature dating from ca. 200 BCE to 200 CE. In this paper, the compilation process and the contents of the corpus are described. Beside qualitative research (close reading), various computational methods are implemented on the corpus (distant reading). Of the latter, cosine similarity and correspondence analysis are discussed in this paper. I will explicate one way of combining qualitative and quantitative methods by assigning numerica…
The semantics of complex demonstratives: a defense of character theories
2021
Aquesta tesi defensa una aproximació tradicional a la semàntica de demostratius complexos, ço és, expressions com "aquesta taula" o "aquell home". A la teoria clàssica, els demostratius complexos funcionen com qualsevol altre díctic: tal com ocorre amb paraules com ara "jo", "ella" o "ací", es tracta termes que depenen del context i que estan dotats d'un significat descriptiu anomenat "caràcter" que ajuda a fixar-ne referent en cada situació d’ús però que no juga cap més rol una vegada aquest individu ha estat determinat. El seu contingut o contribució proposicional és, al seu torn, un simple objecte. Aquest model dels demostratius complexos es troba justificat en la mesura que les expressi…
Toward a cognitive Discourses Semantics. Theoreticals inputs and empirical corpus-based case study in German.
2021
At the intersection between usage-based construction grammar and frame semantics, a cognitive semantic analysis is to be theorized. The present work proposes to develop for this purpose the Cognitive Discourse Analysis model. Discourse is then understood following Michel Foucault as a conceptual system based on linguistic, social and epistemic knowledge. Its linguistic operationalization is achieved through the contribution of textual linguistics and corpus following Dietrich Busse. The aim of such a methodological construction is to finely examine a corpus of recurrent texts in a cognitive perspective, and thus as close as possible to the linguistic reality, and to be able represent the en…