Search results for " Slope"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
The influence of geomorphological position and vegetation cover on the erosional and hydrological processes on a Mediterranean hillslope
1998
Soil erosion and runoff rates are assumed to be highly dependent on slope position. However, little knowledge exists about the hydrogeomorphological processes at the pedon scale that support this idea. In order to assess the hydrological and erosional behaviour of soils at different slope positions, simulated rainfall experiments (55 mm was applied during one hour) were carried out on a south-facing slope with underlying limestone in south-east Spain. In the mean terms, the erosion rates (9 g m2 hr−1) and the runoff coefficients (12%) were very low at the scale of measurement (0·25 m2). The slope position does not affect erosion rates when the measurements are carried out under extreme dry …
Defining minimum runoff length allows for discriminating biocrusts and rainfall events
2021
This study was started in the context of the research projects PECOS (REN2003-04570/GLO) and PREVEA (CGL2007-63258/BOS) , both funded by the Spanish National Plan for RD&I and by the European ERDF Funds (European Regional Development Fund) , and continued during the project SCIN (Soil Crust In-terNational, PRI-PIMBDV-2011-0874, European project of ERA-NET BIODIVERSA, the Spanish team being funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) . The work was finally supported and culminated by the DINCOS project (CGL2016-78075-P, Spanish State Programme for Scientific Research) and by the European ERDF Funds (Euro-pean Regional Development Fund) . Consuelo Rubio's partici-pation was…
Soil aggregate stability in three Mediterranean environments
1996
Abstract This paper considers the effect of vegetation on soil aggregate stability in three different Mediterranean landscapes in Southeast Spain. Soils on limestone, marls and clays, with two levels of vegetation cover at each north-facing slopes of the study areas, were investigated. Three aggregate stability tests (CND, TDI and UD) based on the drop impact and ultrasonic dispersion methods and the Emerson dispersion test were performed. The results of the experiments show the positive influence of vegetation on aggregate stability. However, vegetation is less important than lithology in influencing soil aggregate stability. Soil depth and moisture also affect aggregation, but the relatio…
One-Dimensional Transient Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration in Unsaturated Volcanic Ash
2015
The paper presents a one-dimensional hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall infiltration in a loose volcanic ash and the utilisation of a factor of safety for the implementation of an early-warning system. Three different rainy seasons with different rainfall patterns were analysed . The analysis aims to understand the influence of the antecedent rainfall on the wetting front, the pore-water pressures and the factor of safety. The analysis was carried out in the context of a Master project of the first author at the Laboratory for Soil Mechanics of EPFL.
Facies Architecture and Evolution of a Cretaceous, Tectonically-Controlled, Carbonate Slope from Western Sicily (Italy)
2018
The stratigraphic architecture of a Cretaceous carbonate slope from north western Sicily (Italy) has been reconstructed on the basis of detailed field sections. The wire cut walls of a number of quarries that extract the Cretaceous limestones as ornamental stones allowed the mapping of the stratal architecture and lithologies at various scales. The vertical and lateral facies relationships in this about 1000 m thick depositional system account for a complex sedimentary dynamics along a carbonate platform escarpment that was strongly influenced by syn-sedimentary transtensional tectonics associated to magmatism. Although the original relationships with the carbonate platform were obscured by…
Two end-members of carbonate slope evolution during the Late Cretaceous in the peri-Tethyan domain (Western Sicily and Southern Albania)
2019
Climatic and tectonic processes are major mechanisms influencing tropical carbonate platform development, sediment production and sediment export. Mass transport deposits (including slides, slumps and debrites) and calciturbidites are some of the sediment export products resulting from the interplay of aforementioned redeposition mechanisms. They reflect distinct variations in both production and export of sediments from the carbonate factories. The gravitary export deposits provide information on their sediment source and result in sedimentary sequences with specific porosity / permeability properties prone to host hydrocarbon resources. Climate-controlled sea-level variations are well-con…
Slope Failures and MTDs along a Cretaceous Escarpment in Western Sicily (Italy)
2018
In the last decades, many contributions have examined the Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs) in both modern and ancient examples for the comprehension of the sedimentary dynamics along the carbonate escarpments. Such sedimentary bodies have a great economic significance, since they are widely considered prone to the development of petroleum systems. In particular, MTDs from Cretaceous escarpments are well known from many regions of the world, since they are typically rich in rudists aragonite fragments determining high percentages of porosity. In these respect the deep knowledge on the facies architecture of these depositional systems is of broad interest as can offer examples for the predictio…
The moderating role of meaning in life in the relationship between perceived stress and diurnal cortisol.
2018
Previous studies have suggested that meaning in life may buffer the negative effects of stress. This study is the first to investigate the moderating role of meaning in life in the relationship between the perception of stress and diurnal cortisol in two independent samples of healthy adults. In study 1 (n = 172, men = 82, women = 90, age range = 21-55 years, mean age = 37.58 years), the results of moderated regression analyses revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between overall perceived stress in the past month and both diurnal cortisol levels (area-under-the-curve with respect to the ground; AUCg) and the diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) only in individuals with low l…
Designing Trickle Irrigation Systems in Sloping Fields without Pressure-Compensating Emitters: Application of the IRRILAB Software
2022
When designing trickle irrigation systems in sloped fields, the use of pressure-compensating (PC) emitters is generally preferred to ensure the emitter distribution uniformity regardless of the land topography and the variable operating pressures. However, the cost of PC emitters is generally higher than non-pressure-compensating (NPC) ones; moreover, the compensating membrane installed inside the emitters can lose elasticity due to the exposition to solar radiation, water quality, and chemical applications. Recently, the irrigation laboratory (IRRILAB) version 1.0 software application was developed to design microirrigation systems for rectangular and planar sectors when using NPC emitters…