Search results for " Small"
showing 10 items of 806 documents
HIF-1α induces MXI1 by alternate promoter usage in human neuroblastoma cells
2009
Adaptation to low oxygen conditions is essential for maintaining homeostasis and viability in oxygen-consuming multi-cellular tissues, including solid tumors. Central in these processes are the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2, controlling genes involved in e.g. glucose metabolism and neovascularization. Tumor hypoxia and HIF expression have also been associated with a dedifferentiated phenotype and increased aggressiveness. In this report we show that the MAX interactor-1 (MXI1) gene is directly regulated by HIF proteins in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. HIF-binding and transactivation were detected within MXI1 gene regulatory sequences in the vicinity of th…
Interaction mechanism of endogenous PP2A inhibitor protein ENSA with PP2A
2022
The vast diversity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme composition ensures its multifaceted role in the regulation of cellular growth and signal transduction. In several pathological conditions, such as cancer, PP2A is inhibited by endogenous inhibitor proteins. Several PP2A inhibitor proteins have been identified, one of which is α-endosulfine (ENSA). ENSA inhibits PP2A activity when it is phosphorylated at Ser67 by Greatwall (Gwl) kinase. The role of ENSA in PP2A inhibition is rather well characterized, but knowledge of the mechanism of inhibition is scarce. In this study, we have performed comprehensive structural characterization of ENSA, and its interaction with PP2A A- and var…
Solutions for parametric double phase Robin problems
2021
We consider a parametric double phase problem with Robin boundary condition. We prove two existence theorems. In the first the reaction is ( p − 1 )-superlinear and the solutions produced are asymptotically big as λ → 0 + . In the second the conditions on the reaction are essentially local at zero and the solutions produced are asymptotically small as λ → 0 + .
Arthropod 7SK RNA
2008
The 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a key player in the regulation of polymerase (pol) II transcription. The 7SK RNA was long believed to be specific to vertebrates where it is highly conserved. Homologs in basal deuterostomes and a few lophotrochozoan species were only recently reported. On longer timescales, 7SK evolves rapidly with only few conserved sequence and structure motifs. Previous attempts to identify the Drosophila homolog thus have remained unsuccessful despite considerable efforts. Here we report on the discovery of arthropod 7SK RNAs using a novel search strategy based on pol III promoters, as well as the subsequent verification of its expression. Our results demonstrate th…
Simultaneous Aurora-A/STK15 overexpression and centrosome amplification induce chromosomal instability in tumour cells with a MIN phenotype
2007
Abstract Background Genetic instability is a hallmark of tumours and preneoplastic lesions. The predominant form of genome instability in human cancer is chromosome instability (CIN). CIN is characterized by chromosomal aberrations, gains or losses of whole chromosomes (aneuploidy), and it is often associated with centrosome amplification. Centrosomes control cell division by forming a bipolar mitotic spindle and play an essential role in the maintenance of chromosomal stability. However, whether centrosome amplification could directly cause aneuploidy is not fully established. Also, alterations in genes required for mitotic progression could be involved in CIN. A major candidate is represe…
MAD2 depletion triggers premature cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts by activating a P53 pathway preventing aneuploid cells propagation.
2012
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that ensures faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and its failure can result in aneuploidy. Previously, it was suggested that reduction of the MAD2 gene, encoding a major component of the SAC, induced aneuploidy in human tumor cells. However, tumor cell lines contain multiple mutations that might affect or exacerbate the cellular response to Mad2 depletion. Thus, the scenario resulting by Mad2 depletion in primary human cells could be different and more complex that the one depicted so far. We used primary human fibroblasts (IMR90) and epithelial breast cells (MCF10A) to gain further insight on the effects …
Microsurgical testis-sparing surgery in small testicular masses: seven years retrospective management and results
2012
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of 20 patients diagnosed with a nonpalpable or small testicular mass (2 cm) at 2 academic urological department. Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) is currently performed routinely for the management of nonpalpable testicular masses. High reliability of frozen section examination (FSE) and high-frequency ultrasound (US) and the adoption of microsurgical techniques improved safety and feasibility of this technique.METHODS From January 2004 to March 2011, 23 patients underwent microsurgical TSS. An inguinal approach was performed in 22 cases and a suprapubic incision in one bilateral case. All procedures were performed with an operating mi…
In the literature: March 2016
2016
The way clones resistant to anti-EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) inhibition evolve in non-small cell lung cancer is far from being determined. In an international cooperative effort led by investigators at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, the origin of acquired resistance mediated by the EGFRT790M mutation has been further elucidated. That mutation, recognised as gatekeeper and present in about 60% of pretreated cases with anti-EGFRs, could occur either from the selection of previously existing EGFR790M cell clones or by the evolution of originally EGFR790M-negative drug-tolerant cells. In a series of elegant experiments, the authors show that these drug-tolerant cells have a di…
Induced abortion and risk of small-for-gestational-age birth.
2007
Objective: To investigate the possibility of an association between previous induced abortion and subsequent birth of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant. Design: Case-control study. Setting: General and university hospitals. Methods: Cases were 555 women who delivered SGA babies. Controls were 1966 women who gave birth at term (>37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants of normal weight on randomly selected days at the hospital where cases had been identified. All women in the case and control categories were interviewed on the obstetric wards by one of a team of six interviewers. During the interviews, information was obtained regarding general socio-demographic factors, personal cha…
Commercial sharks under scrutiny: Baseline genetic distinctiveness supports structured populations of small-spotted catsharks in the Mediterranean Sea
2023
The present study, based on microsatellite markers, describes a population genetic analysis of the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758), representing one of the most abundant and commonly caught cartilaginous fishes in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent areas. The analyses were performed to unravel the genetic features (variability, connectivity, sex-biased dispersal) of their relative geographic populations, both at the small (around the coast of Sardinia, Western Mediterranean Sea) and at a larger spatial scale (pan-Mediterranean level and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea). Individual clustering, multivariate and variance analyses rejected the …