Search results for " Small"
showing 10 items of 806 documents
Influence of metal–support interaction on the surface structure of gold nanoclusters deposited on native SiOx/Si substrates
2014
The structure of small gold nanoclusters (R ~ 2.5 nm) deposited on different silica on silicon substrates is investigated using several characterization techniques (AFM, XRD, EXAFS and GISAXS). The grain morphology and the surface roughness of the deposited gold clusters are determined by AFM. The in-plane GISAXS intensity is modelled in order to obtain information about the cluster size and the characteristic length scale of the surface roughness. AFM and GISAXS results are in excellent agreement and show that the surface morphology of the deposited clusters depends on whether defect-rich (native) or defect-free (thermal) silica is used as a substrate. Gold clusters show a strong tendency …
Selective MicroRNA-Offset RNA Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
2015
Small RNA molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play critical roles in regulating pluri-potency, proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs) are similar in length to miRNAs, align to miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA) loci and are therefore believed to derive from processing of the pre-miRNA hairpin sequence. Recent next generation sequencing (NGS) studies have reported the presence of moRNAs in human neurons and cancer cells and in several tissues in mouse, including pluripotent stem cells. In order to gain additional knowledge about human moRNAs and their putative development-related expression, we applied NGS of small RNAs in human embryonic stem cel…
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent deregulation of cell cycle control induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rat liver epithelial cells
2006
Disruption of cell proliferation control by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may contribute to their carcinogenicity. We investigated role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in disruption of contact inhibition in rat liver epithelial WB-F344 'stem-like' cells, induced by the weakly mutagenic benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and by the strongly mutagenic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). There were significant differences between the effects of BaA and BbF, and those of the strongly genotoxic BaP. Both BaA and BbF increased percentage of cells entering S-phase and cell numbers, associated with an increased expression of Cyclin A and Cyclin A/cdk2 complex activity. Their eff…
Sulla presenza di Erctella mazzullii (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) nella Riserva Naturale di Isola delle Femmine (Palermo, Sici…
2021
[On the presence of Erctella mazzullii (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in the Nature Reserve of Isola delle Femmine (Palermo, Sicily, Italy)] The presence of a living population of Erctella mazzullii (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (Gastropoda: Helicidae), endemic species of the coastal strip of the Palermo Mountains (Sicily), from Isola delle Femmine or Isola di Fuori (Isola delle Femmine Nature Reserve) is confirmed
Hepatitis B subviral envelope particles use the COPII machinery for intracellular transport via selective exploitation of Sec24A and Sec23B
2020
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease. Its success as a human pathogen is related to the immense production of subviral envelope particles (SVPs) contributing to viral persistence by interfering with immune functions. To explore cellular pathways involved in SVP formation and egress, we investigated host-pathogen interactions. Yeast-based proteomics revealed Sec24A, a component of the coat protein complex II (COPII), as an interaction partner of the HBV envelope S domain. To understand how HBV co-opts COPII as a proviral machinery, we studied roles of key Sec proteins in HBV-expressing liver cells. Silencing of Sar1, Sec23, and Sec24, which promote COPII assembly conco…
Immunohistochemical Study as a Tool in Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor
2010
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are aggressive childhood neoplasms, occurring mainly in the kidney and brain. We describe 2 unusual cases of extrarenal and noncranial location (liver and soft tissue with dissemination) mimicking hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma or Ewing sarcoma. Both cases revealed a polyphenotypic profile, combined with cytokeratin, vimentin, and CD99 expression. INI1/BAF-47 showed negative protein nuclear expression in both cases, suggesting a diagnosis of MRT. An extensive immunohistochemical panel was performed to exclude pediatric tumors reminiscent of MRT. The genetic studies failed to detected MYCN amplification, 11q23 deletion, and EWS break-apart positivity. No alter…
Identification of ELF3 as an early transcriptional regulator of human urothelium
2014
AbstractDespite major advances in high-throughput and computational modelling techniques, understanding of the mechanisms regulating tissue specification and differentiation in higher eukaryotes, particularly man, remains limited. Microarray technology has been explored exhaustively in recent years and several standard approaches have been established to analyse the resultant datasets on a genome-wide scale. Gene expression time series offer a valuable opportunity to define temporal hierarchies and gain insight into the regulatory relationships of biological processes. However, unless datasets are exactly synchronous, time points cannot be compared directly.Here we present a data-driven ana…
Macrophage MerTK promotes profibrogenic cross-talk with hepatic stellate cells via soluble mediators
2022
Background & aims: Activation of Kupffer cells and recruitment of monocytes are key events in fibrogenesis. These cells release soluble mediators which induce the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main fibrogenic cell type within the liver. Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) signaling regulates multiple processes in macrophages and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related fibrosis. In this study, we explored if MerTK activation in macrophages influences the profibrogenic phenotype of HSCs. Methods: Macrophages were derived from THP-1 cells or differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes towards MerTK+/CD206+/CD163+/CD209- macrophages. Th…
Clinical strategies for the management of intestinal obstruction and pseudo-obstruction. A Delphi Consensus study of SICUT (Società Italiana di Chiru…
2016
Intestinal obstructions/pseudo-obstruction of the small/large bowel are frequent conditions but their management could be challenging. Moreover, a general agreement in this field is currently lacking, thus SICUT Society designed a consensus study aimed to define their optimal workout.The Delphi methodology was used to reach consensus among 47 Italian surgical experts in two study rounds. Consensus was defined as an agreement of 75.0% or greater. Four main topic areas included nosology, diagnosis, management and treatment.A bowel obstruction was defined as an obstacle to the progression of intestinal contents and fluids generally beginning with a sudden onset. The panel identified four major…
Neutrino Structure Functions from GeV to EeV Energies
2023
The interpretation of present and future neutrino experiments requires accurate theoretical predictions for neutrino-nucleus scattering rates. Neutrino structure functions can be reliably evaluated in the deep-inelastic scattering regime within the perturbative QCD (pQCD) framework. At low momentum transfers ($Q^2 \le {\rm few}$ GeV$^2$), inelastic structure functions are however affected by large uncertainties which distort event rate predictions for neutrino energies $E_\nu$ up to the TeV scale. Here we present a determination of neutrino inelastic structure functions valid for the complete range of energies relevant for phenomenology, from the GeV region entering oscillation analyses to …