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showing 10 items of 806 documents
The Evolution of Hemophilia Care: Clinical and Laboratory Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges
2020
AbstractHemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are X-linked bleeding disorders caused by mutations in the F8 or F9 gene that result in the absence, or reduced activity, of the corresponding clotting factor. The severity of bleeding and related complications is proportional to the amount of residual circulating functional factor. The development of a safe and effective hemophilia treatment lasted several decades and has been mainly based on clotting factor replacement. Advances in the engineering and manufacturing of clotting concentrates have led to the widespread availability of extended half-life products that reduced the number of intravenous infusions needed to achieve adequate trough levels. The…
A small-bowel segment as a total extrahepatic bile duct replacement.
1992
• The effect of a small-bowel segment as a total extrahepatic bile duct replacement, with preservation of the bile passage through the papilla of Vater, was examined in 12 pigs followed up for 420 days. No complications during or after surgery were observed in any of the animals. The laboratory parameters were within normal range during the entire observation period. No anastomotic stenosis was evident on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in animals examined 2, 6, or 12 months after surgery. The intrahepatic biliary tract was not dilated. There was obvious peristalsis of the grafted small-bowel toward the papilla of Vater. Autopsies showed that the grafts had healed without any sign…
Combined Dyslipidemia: Should the Focus be LDL Cholesterol or Atherogenic Dyslipidemia?
2012
As the population becomes more obese and the prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome increases, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) may lose its value as a sole predictor for cardiovascular risk among lipids. Combined dyslipidemia is typically characterized by elevations in LDL-C and triglyceride levels, often accompanied by decreased high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and increased levels of small, dense LDL. This common disorder results from overproduction of hepatically synthesized apolipoprotein B in very low-density lipoproteins. In the last few years most of the international scientific guidelines as well as several expert panels have confirme…
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and LDL size and subclasses in drug-naïve patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
2009
Abstract Objective : Subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased cardiovascular risk and may show atherogenic forms of dyslipidemia. The present study investigated whether patients with early RA, beyond alterations in plasma lipids, also show lower LDL size and altered LDL subclass distribution. Design and Methods We identified 25 subjects with RA (47±8 years, body mass index (BMI) 25±4kg/m 2 ) by the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, with a disease durations Results As compared to controls RA patients had higher plasma triglycerides (1.8±0.5 vs. 1.0±0.5mmol/L, p p =0.0027), while total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were similar. LDL particle size was lo…
Size and subclasses of low-density lipoproteins in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
2012
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have proatherogenic dyslipidemia. We analyzed predictors of low-density lipoproteins' (LDLs) size in patients with OSA. In a cross-sectional study including 58 participants with OSA (30 without the metabolic syndrome [MetS] and 28 with MetS), we evaluated the size of LDL by gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared with patients without the MetS, those with MetS showed lower LDL size ( P = .007), due to a reduction in large LDL-I particles ( P = .002) and an increase in small, dense LDL-IIIA ( P = .048) and LDL-IIIB ( P = .037). The size of LDL correlated inversely with age ( r = −.268, P = .042) and serum triglycerides ( r = −.364, P = .005), and p…
Effects of nicotine receptor agonists on acetylcholine release from the isolated motor nerve, small intestine and trachea of rats and guinea-pigs
1992
The effects of nicotine receptor agonists on the release of [3H]acetylcholine from the phrenic nerve, the small intestine and the trachea were investigated to characterize neuronal nicotine receptors within the peripheral nervous system. Contraction of the indirectly-stimulated hemidiaphragm was recorded to investigate desensitization of the postsynaptic muscular nicotine receptors. Nicotine, cytisine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethyl-trimethyl-ammoniumiodide caused a concentration-dependent (0.1-30 microM) increase in evoked [3H]acetylcholine release from the phrenic nerve, whereby bell-shaped concentration-response curves were obtained. The rank order of decre…
Unpredictable Performance of pH-Dependent Coatings Accentuates the Need for Improved Predictive in Vitro Test Systems.
2017
First introduced in the second half of the 19th century, enteric coatings are commonly used to protect acid-labile drugs, reduce the risk of gastric side effects due to irritating drugs, or for local drug delivery to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The currently available enteric-coatings are based on pH-sensitive weakly acidic polymers. Despite the long history of their use, the causes behind their performance often being unpredictable have not been properly investigated with most of the attention being focused only on the gastric emptying. However, little attention has been given to the postgastric emptying disintegration and dissolution of these dosage forms. This lack of attentio…
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birth size: a prospective birth cohort study in Valencia, Spain
2010
Abstract Background Maternal exposure to air pollution has been related to fetal growth in a number of recent scientific studies. The objective of this study was to assess the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in a cohort in Valencia, Spain. Methods Seven hundred and eighty-five pregnant women and their singleton newborns participated in the study. Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated by means of land use regression. NO2 spatial estimations were adjusted to correspond to relevant pregnancy periods (whole pregnancy and trimesters) for each woman. Outcome variables were birth weight, length, and head circumf…
Liraglutide Reduces Carotid Intima-Media Thickness by Reducing Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins in a Real-World Setting of Patients with Type 2 D…
2020
Introduction: Liraglutide has several non-glycemic effects, including those on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, contributing to its cardiovascular benefit; however, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated a novel anti-atherogenic effect of liraglutide in a real-world prospective study on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Sixty-two patients with T2DM (31 men, 31 women; mean age ± standard deviation 61 ± 9 years) naïve to incretin-based therapies were treated with liraglutide (1.2 mg/day) as add-on therapy to metformin (1500–3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Laboratory analyses included the assessment of lipoprotein subclass profile by gel electrophoresis (Lipopri…
Small bowel angiodysplasia associated with von Willebrand's disease: report of a case.
2006
The association between angiodysplasia (AD) and von Willebrand's disease (vWD) was first described by Quick in 1967. The clinical course of patients with vWD and AD is characterized by multiple admissions to hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding, necessitating transfusions of packed red cells, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor concentrates. The therapeutic management of these patients is difficult. Both medical and endoscopic techniques have been tried, but no treatment modality has been completely successful. We describe the clinical course of a patient affected by vWD, who suffered repeated massive gastrointestinal bleeding caused by small bowel AD. Intestinal resection was the only…