Search results for " Smoke"

Pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke and respiratory outcomes during the first year

2015

The different role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke in respiratory outcomes in infants has not yet been clearly established. Our objective is to assess the effects of these exposures on the risk of respiratory outcomes during the first year of life of infants from a Spanish multicenter cohort study. A total of 2506 women were monitored until delivery. About 2039 infants made up the final population. The outcomes were caused by the occurrence of the following: otitis, cough persisting for more than 3 weeks, lower respiratory tract symptoms (wheezing or chestiness), and lower respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia). The relationship between pr…

Cigarette smoke exposure up-regulates endothelin receptor B in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells: molecular and functional consequences

2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPulmonary arteries from smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients show abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity. We studied the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on endothelin receptor B (ETB) expression in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) and its role in endothelial dysfunction.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHETB receptor expression was measured by real time RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Cell contraction, intracellular Ca2+, F/G-actin, RhoA activity, myosin light chain phosphorylation, ET, NO, thromboxane (Tx)A2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by traction microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, phalloi…

The independent role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to active and passive smoking on the development of early wheeze in children

2016

Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases childhood asthma risk, but health effects in children of nonsmoking mothers passively exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy are unclear. We examined the association of maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and wheeze in children aged ≤2 years.Individual data of 27 993 mother–child pairs from 15 European birth cohorts were combined in pooled analyses taking into consideration potential confounders.Children with maternal exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy and no other smoking exposure were more likely to develop wheeze up to the age of 2 years (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20) compared with unexposed children. Risk of wheeze was further …

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in a Sicilian pediatric population: Risk factors, epidemiology, and severity

2008

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children worldwide. This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical patterns of RSV infection in infants hospitalized for LRTIs in Sicily. Over a 7-month period (October 1, 2005 to April 30, 2006), all children 6 months old, with a gestational age (GA) of >36 weeks, with a birth weight of >2.50 g, with previous hospitalizations due to LRTI, with smokers in the household, and with a history of breast-feeding (p < 0.05 for each). RSV infection was associated with a higher likelihood to be admitted to neonatal intensive care units and to longer hospitalization…

Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Italian infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections, and association bet…

2002

This study was designed to collect data on the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Italy in infants hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections, and to evaluate which of the recognized risk factors might be associated with disease severity. Thirty-two centers throughout Italy participated in the study. Over a 6-month period (November 1,1999 to April 30, 2000), we evaluated all children2 years of age hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections. All subjects were tested for RSV within 24 hr of hospitalization by using an immuno-enzymatic diagnostic test (Abbott Testpack, RSV). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that might be associate…

Smoking Status and Severity of Ischemic Stroke. A Population-Based Study

2013

We aimed to investigate the impact of smoking status on clinical severity in patients with ischemic stroke event (IS). Patients were prospectively identified among residents of the city of Dijon, France (ca. 151,000 inhabitants), using a population-based registry, between 2006 and 2011. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. The initial clinical severity was quantified by the means of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the effect of smoking status on severity. Among the 1,056 recorded patients with IS, data about smoking status were available for 973 (92.1%), of whom 658 (67.3%) were non-smokers, 187 (19…

Second-hand smoke exposure in 4-year-old children in Spain: Sources, associated factors and urinary cotinine

2016

Introduction Second-hand smoke exposure (SHS) in children remains as a major pollution problem, with important consequences for children's health. This study aimed to identify the sources of exposure to SHS among 4-year-old children, comparing self-reports to a urinary biomarker of exposure, and characterize the most important variables related to SHS exposure in this population. Methods 4-year-old children's exposure to SHS was assessed by a parental-reported questionnaire and by urinary cotinine (UC) measurements in 1757 participants from 4 different areas of the Spanish INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente – Environment and Childhood) Project. The questionnaire about SHS included information …

Secondhand smoke and ischaemic heart disease: demographic characteristic of a worldwide healthcare problem

2019

Permanence of Modifications in Oral Microcirculation in Ex-Smokers.

2019

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of smoking and to investigate the permanence of this damage to the oral microcirculation. Material/Methods: We recruited 75 patients and divided them into 3 groups: group 1 was composed of 25 healthy non-smokers, group 2 was composed of 25 healthy current smokers, and group 3 was composed of 25 healthy ex-smokers. Video-capillaroscopic examination was performed on all patients. The video-capillaroscopic investigation was performed on patients in sitting position, always with the same light source, at the same room temperature (23°C), in the morning, with the same operator (GAS), and was repeated many times for every area …

Electrochemical Quantification of H2O2 Released by Airway Cells Growing in Different Culture Media

2022

Quantification of oxidative stress is a challenging task that can help in monitoring chronic inflammatory respiratory airway diseases. Different studies can be found in the literature regarding the development of electrochemical sensors for H2O2 in cell culture medium to quantify oxidative stress. However, there are very limited data regarding the impact of the cell culture medium on the electrochemical quantification of H2O2. In this work, we studied the effect of different media (RPMI, MEM, DMEM, Ham’s F12 and BEGM/DMEM) on the electrochemical quantification of H2O2. The used electrode is based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and was obtained by co-electrode…