Search results for " Smooth"

showing 10 items of 455 documents

Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium

2009

Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyANTICHOLINERGIC BRONCHODILATORmedicine.drug_classRespiratory SystemScopolamine DerivativesPulmonary diseaseIPRATROPIUM BROMIDEIpratropium bromideOBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASEMUCOCILIARY CLEARANCECholinergic AntagonistsRECEPTORS MEDIATE STIMULATIONParasympathetic Nervous SystemAIRWAY SMOOTH-MUSCLEBronchodilatorBronchodilationMechanismsBRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLSAnimalsHumansMedicineCOPDPharmacology (medical)Tiotropium BromideIntensive care medicineLungLung functionInflammationCOPDbusiness.industryTiotropiumBiochemistry (medical)RemodellingTiotropium bromidemedicine.diseaseAcetylcholineBronchodilator Agentsrespiratory tract diseasesMucusClinical researchNONNEURONAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMCoughPOLYSPECIFIC CATION TRANSPORTERSAnesthesiaLUNG FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATIONbusinesshuman activitiesmedicine.drugPulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
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Muscarinic M2 receptors in acetylcholine-isoproterenol functional antagonism in human isolated bronchus

2002

The muscarinic functional antagonism of isoproterenol relaxation and the contribution of muscarinic M2 receptors were examined in human isolated bronchus. In intact tissues, acetylcholine (ACh) precontraction decreased isoproterenol potency and maximal relaxation (−log EC50 shift = −1.49 ± 0.16 and Emax inhibition for 100 μM ACh = 30%) more than the same levels of histamine contraction. The M2receptor-selective antagonist methoctramine (1 μM) reduced this antagonism in ACh- but not histamine-contracted tissues. Similar results were obtained for forskolin-induced relaxation. After selective inactivation of M3 receptors with 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-(2-chloroethyl)piperadine hydrochloric acid (3…

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyLung NeoplasmsPhysiologyMuscle RelaxationBronchiMuscarinic AntagonistsIn Vitro Techniqueschemistry.chemical_compoundPiperidinesPhysiology (medical)Internal medicineIsoprenalineMuscarinic acetylcholine receptorCyclic AMPmedicineMethoctramineHumansNeurotransmitterAcetylcholine receptorReceptor Muscarinic M2BronchusColforsinIsoproterenolMuscle SmoothMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Cell BiologyReceptors MuscarinicAcetylcholinemedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologychemistryAcetylcholineMuscle Contractionmedicine.drugAmerican Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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Relaxation induced by cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors sildenafil and zaprinast in human vessels

2000

Abstract Background . Sildenafil is currently used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, assessment of direct effects of sildenafil on coronary arteries and on arteries used as coronary grafts is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of sildenafil on contracted human coronary, internal mammary, and radial arteries obtained from multiorgan donors. The observations were extended to forearm veins. Zaprinast was included in this study for comparison. Methods . Segments of left coronary, internal mammary, and radial arteries, and forearm veins were obtained from 16 multiorgan donors. Vascular rings were suspended in organ bath chambers and isometric tension was…

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyPurinonesPhosphodiesterase InhibitorsSildenafilMuscle Smooth VascularPiperazinesSildenafil CitrateVeinschemistry.chemical_compound3'5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterasesmedicine.arteryInternal medicinemedicineHumansSulfonesMammary ArteriesRadial arteryVeinDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryPhosphodiesteraseCoronary VesselsPDE5 drug designrespiratory tract diseasesVasodilationCoronary arteriesmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryPurinesAnesthesiaRadial Arterycardiovascular systemCardiologySurgerySodium nitroprussideCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessZaprinastmedicine.drugThe Annals of Thoracic Surgery
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Approximation by Certain Operators Linking the $$\alpha $$-Bernstein and the Genuine $$\alpha $$-Bernstein–Durrmeyer Operators

2020

This paper presents a new family of operators which constitute the link between \(\alpha \)-Bernstein operators and genuine \(\alpha \)-Bernstein–Durrmeyer operators. Some approximation results, which include local approximation and error estimation in terms of the modulus of continuity are given. Finally, a quantitative Voronovskaya type theorem is established and some Gruss type inequalities are obtained.

Pure mathematicsAlpha (programming language)Rate of convergenceModulus of smoothnessType (model theory)Link (knot theory)Modulus of continuityMathematics
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Approximation properties of λ-Kantorovich operators

2018

In the present paper, we study a new type of Bernstein operators depending on the parameter \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda\in[-1,1]$\end{document}λ∈[−1,1]. The Kantorovich modification of these sequences of linear positive operators will be considered. A quantitative Voronovskaja type theorem by means of Ditzian–Totik modulus of smoothness is proved. Also, a Grüss–Voronovskaja type theorem for λ-Kantorovich operators is provided. Some numerical examples which show the relevance of the res…

Pure mathematicsBernstein operatorModulus of smoothnessResearchApplied Mathematicslcsh:Mathematics010102 general mathematicsType (model theory)Rate of convergenceLambdalcsh:QA1-93901 natural sciences010101 applied mathematicsRate of convergenceVoronovskaja theorem41A10Discrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsKantorovich operators0101 mathematics41A2541A36AnalysisMathematicsJournal of Inequalities and Applications
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Lipschitz classes and the Hardy-Littlewood property

1993

We study the geometry of plane domains and the uniform Holder continuity properties of analytic functions.

Pure mathematicsPlane (geometry)General Mathematics010102 general mathematicsGlobal analytic functionMathematical analysis020206 networking & telecommunications02 engineering and technology16. Peace & justiceLipschitz continuity01 natural sciencesQuasi-analytic function0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringAnalytic capacityNon-analytic smooth function0101 mathematicsAlgebraic geometry and analytic geometryMathematicsAnalytic functionMonatshefte für Mathematik
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Multiple solutions for nonlinear nonhomogeneous resonant coercive problems

2018

We consider a nonlinear, nonhomogeneous Dirichlet problem driven by the sum of a \begin{document}$p$\end{document} -Laplacian ( \begin{document}$2 ) and a Laplacian. The reaction term is a Caratheodory function \begin{document}$f(z,x)$\end{document} which is resonant with respect to the principal eigenvalue of ( \begin{document}$-\Delta_p,\, W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$\end{document} ). Using variational methods combined with truncation and comparison techniques and Morse theory (critical groups) we prove the existence of three nontrivial smooth solutions all with sign information and under three different conditions concerning the behavior of \begin{document}$f(z,\cdot)$\end{document} near zero. By …

Pure mathematicsTruncation01 natural sciencesResonanceExtremal constant sign solutionConstant sign and nodal solutionDiscrete Mathematics and Combinatorics0101 mathematicsEigenvalues and eigenvectorsCritical groupDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricMorse theoryNonlinear regularityPhysicsDirichlet problemMultiple smooth solutionComputer Science::Information RetrievalApplied Mathematics010102 general mathematicsZero (complex analysis)AnalysiFunction (mathematics)010101 applied mathematicsLaplace operatorAnalysisSign (mathematics)
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WEAKLY COMPACT HOMOMORPHISMS BETWEEN SMALL ALGEBRAS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

2001

The weak compactness of the composition operator CΦ(f) = f ○ Φ acting on the uniform algebra of analytic uniformly continuous functions on the unit ball of a Banach space with the approximation property is characterized in terms of Φ. The relationship between weak compactness and compactness of these composition operators and general homomorphisms is also discussed.

Pure mathematicsUniform continuityCompact spaceApproximation propertyComposition operatorComputer Science::Information RetrievalGeneral MathematicsUniform algebraBanach spaceNon-analytic smooth functionMathematicsAnalytic functionBulletin of the London Mathematical Society
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Evaluation of cut quality using the Amadeus microkeratome with different settings.

2004

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the quality of keratectomy specimens created with the Amadeus® microkeratome (AMO) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting: Johannes Gutenberg-University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz, and the Department of Anatomy, Justus Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Methods: Corneal cuts were performed in freshly enucleated pig eyes using the Amadeus microkeratome with 9 combinations of oscillation rate and head-advance speed. For the cutting trials, oscillation rates of 8000, 13000, and 18000 rpm and head-advance speeds of 1.0, 2.5, and 4.0 mm/s were chosen. Fifty-four eyes were included, resulting in 9 groups of 6 eyes for each configuration…

Quality Controlbusiness.industryOscillationSwinemedicine.medical_treatmentCorneal StromaKeratomileusis Laser In SituKeratomileusisSurface smoothnessSensory SystemsSurgical FlapsOphthalmologyQuality (physics)OpticsEvaluation Studies as TopicMicrokeratomeRefractive surgerySurface roughnessmedicineMicroscopy Electron ScanningAnimalsSurgerybusinessMathematicsJournal of cataract and refractive surgery
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Coupled systems of non-smooth differential equations

2012

Abstract We study the geometric qualitative behavior of a class of discontinuous vector fields in four dimensions. Explicit existence conditions of one-parameter families of periodic orbits for models involving two coupled relay systems are given. We derive existence conditions of one-parameter families of periodic solutions of systems of two second order non-smooth differential equations. We also study the persistence of such periodic orbits in the case of analytic perturbations of our relay systems. These results can be seen as analogous to the Lyapunov Centre Theorem.

Relay systemsLyapunov functionClass (set theory)Mathematics(all)Relay systemsDifferential equationGeneral MathematicsMathematical analysisOrder (ring theory)Non-smooth dynamical systemsNon smoothsymbols.namesakeReversibilitysymbolsPeriodic orbitsVector fieldMathematicsBulletin des Sciences Mathématiques
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