Search results for " Statistical"

showing 10 items of 1649 documents

Assessment of regional ventilation distribution: comparison of vibration response imaging (VRI) with electrical impedance tomography (EIT)

2013

BACKGROUND: Vibration response imaging (VRI) is a bedside technology to monitor ventilation by detecting lung sound vibrations. It is currently unknown whether VRI is able to accurately monitor the local distribution of ventilation within the lungs. We therefore compared VRI to electrical impedance tomography (EIT), an established technique used for the assessment of regional ventilation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Simultaneous EIT and VRI measurements were performed in the healthy and injured lungs (ALI; induced by saline lavage) at different PEEP levels (0, 5, 10, 15 mbar) in nine piglets. Vibration energy amplitude (VEA) by VRI, and amplitudes of relative impedance changes (rel.ΔZ) …

Diagnostic ImagingPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyAnatomy and PhysiologyCritical Care and Emergency MedicinePulmonologyVibration Response ImagingSwineRespiratory SystemLung soundlcsh:MedicineVibrationModel OrganismsRespiratory FailureAnesthesiologyBedside TechnologyElectric ImpedancemedicineMedical imagingAnimalsRespiratory Physiologyddc:610lcsh:ScienceTomographyBiologyElectrical impedance tomographyAnesthesiology MonitoringPhysicsAnalysis of VarianceModels StatisticalAnesthesiology TechnologyMultidisciplinarylcsh:RAnimal Modelsrespiratory systemrespiratory tract diseasesPulmonary imagingSpirometryBreathingMedicinelcsh:QTomographyPulmonary VentilationResearch ArticleBiomedical engineering
researchProduct

Multispectral integral imaging acquisition and processing using a monochrome camera and a liquid crystal tunable filter

2012

This paper presents an acquisition system and a procedure to capture 3D scenes in different spectral bands. The acquisition system is formed by a monochrome camera, and a Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) that allows to acquire images at different spectral bands in the [480, 680]nm wavelength interval. The Synthetic Aperture Integral Imaging acquisition technique is used to obtain the elemental images for each wavelength. These elemental images are used to computationally obtain the reconstruction planes of the 3D scene at different depth planes. The 3D profile of the acquired scene is also obtained using a minimization of the variance of the contribution of the elemental images at each …

Diagnostic ImagingPoint spread functionSynthetic aperture radarOptics and PhotonicsSkin NeoplasmsLightComputer scienceMultispectral imageImage processingPattern Recognition AutomatedMultispectral pattern recognitionImaging Three-DimensionalOpticsThree-dimensional image acquisitionImage Processing Computer-AssistedmedicineLiquid crystal tunable filterHumansMonochromeMelanomaThree-dimensional sensingIntegral imagingModels StatisticalPixelbusiness.industryLiquid Crystal Tunable FilterThree-dimensional image processingReproducibility of ResultsEquipment DesignSpectral bandsMultispectral and hyperspectral imagingmedicine.diseaseAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsLiquid CrystalsSkin cancerbusinessAlgorithms
researchProduct

Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites.

2013

Abstract The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. The fibers are extracted from the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world. To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. The chemical composition of the natura…

Dietary FiberThermogravimetric analysisMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsPolymersPoaceaeLigninchemistry.chemical_compoundPolysaccharidesTensile StrengthUltimate tensile strengthMaterials TestingSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredMaterials ChemistryHemicelluloseCelluloseComposite materialCelluloseNatural fiberbiologyOrganic ChemistryTemperatureArundo donaxMicrostructurebiology.organism_classificationCharacterization (materials science)Arundo donax fiber Mechanical property Infrared spectroscopy Thermogravimetric analysis Scanning electron microscopy Statistical analysisSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialichemistryMicroscopy Electron ScanningCarbohydrate polymers
researchProduct

ideal: an R/Bioconductor package for interactive differential expression analysis

2020

AbstractBackgroundRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is an ever increasingly popular tool for transcriptome profiling. A key point to make the best use of the available data is to provide software tools that are easy to use but still provide flexibility and transparency in the adopted methods. Despite the availability of many packages focused on detecting differential expression, a method to streamline this type of bioinformatics analysis in a comprehensive, accessible, and reproducible way is lacking.ResultsWe developed the ideal software package, which serves as a web application for interactive and reproducible RNA-seq analysis, while producing a wealth of visualizations to facilitate data interpr…

Differential expression analysisComputer scienceShinyBioconductorInteractive data analysislcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsReproducible researchBioconductorDifferential expressionCode (cryptography)Transcriptome profilingHumansRNA-SeqTranscriptomicslcsh:QH301-705.5Flexibility (engineering)Ideal (set theory)Base Sequencebusiness.industryData visualizationGene Expression ProfilingRRNAReproducibility of ResultsTransparency (human–computer interaction)Gene Expression Regulationlcsh:Biology (General)Data Interpretation StatisticalWeb applicationlcsh:R858-859.7Software engineeringbusinessSoftwareBMC Bioinformatics
researchProduct

Devil’s vortex-lenses

2009

In this paper we present a new kind of vortex lenses in which the radial phase distribution is characterized by the "devil's staircase" function. The focusing properties of these fractal DOEs coined Devil's vortex-lenses are analytically studied and the influence of the topological charge is investigated. It is shown that under monochromatic illumination a vortex devil's lens give rise a focal volume containing a delimited chain of vortices that are axially distributed according to the self-similarity of the lens.

DiffractionOptics and PhotonicsLightOptical TweezersAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysicslaw.inventionFractalOpticslawCondensed Matter::SuperconductivityTopological quantum numberPhysicsModels Statisticalbusiness.industryEquipment DesignModels TheoreticalAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsVortexLens (optics)FractalsClassical mechanicsMonochromatic colorAxial symmetrybusinessOptical vortexAlgorithmsOptics Express
researchProduct

Fast and robust phase-shift estimation in two-dimensional structured illumination microscopy.

2019

A method of determining unknown phase-shifts between elementary images in two-dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy (2D-SIM) is presented. The proposed method is based on the comparison of the peak intensity of spectral components. These components correspond to the inherent structured illumination spectral content and the residual compo- nent that appears from wrongly estimated phase-shifts. The estimation of the phase-shifts is carried out by finding the absolute maximum of a function defined as the normalized peak intensity difference in the Fourier domain. This task is performed by an optimization method providing a fast estimation of the phase-shift. The algorithm stability an…

DiffractionStatistical NoisePhotonStructured illumination microscopy02 engineering and technologySignal-To-Noise RatioResidual01 natural sciencesPhase DeterminationMathematical and Statistical TechniquesFluorescence MicroscopyImage Processing Computer-AssistedFourier Anàlisi deMathematicsMicroscopyMultidisciplinaryFourier AnalysisPhysicsApplied MathematicsSimulation and ModelingStatisticsQRLight Microscopy021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyGaussian NoiseMicroscòpiaFourier analysisPhysical SciencessymbolsCrystallographic TechniquesMedicine0210 nano-technologyAlgorithmDiffractionElementary ParticlesAlgorithmsResearch ArticleImaging TechniquesComputationScienceResearch and Analysis Methods010309 opticssymbols.namesakeRobustness (computer science)0103 physical sciencesParticle PhysicsPhotonsMicroscopy FluorescenceGaussian noiseWavesMathematicsImatges Processament Tècniques digitalsPLoS ONE
researchProduct

Levy targeting and the principle of detailed balance

2011

We investigate confining mechanisms for Lévy flights under premises of the principle of detailed balance. In this case, the master equation of the jump-type process admits a transformation to the Lévy-Schrödinger semigroup dynamics akin to a mapping of the Fokker-Planck equation into the generalized diffusion equation. This sets a correspondence between above two stochastic dynamical systems, within which we address a (stochastic) targeting problem for an arbitrary stability index μ ε (0,2) of symmetric Lévy drivers. Namely, given a probability density function, specify the semigroup potential, and thence the jump-type dynamics for which this PDF is actually a long-time asymptotic (target) …

Diffusion equationDynamical systems theoryMovementNormal DistributionFOS: Physical sciencesDiffusionOscillometryMaster equationFOS: MathematicsApplied mathematicsCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematical PhysicsMathematicsStochastic ProcessesModels StatisticalStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)SemigroupStochastic processPhysicsProbability (math.PR)Mathematical analysisCauchy distributionDetailed balanceMathematical Physics (math-ph)Markov ChainsTransformation (function)ThermodynamicsAlgorithmsMathematics - Probability
researchProduct

Generalized Wiener Process and Kolmogorov's Equation for Diffusion induced by Non-Gaussian Noise Source

2005

We show that the increments of generalized Wiener process, useful to describe non-Gaussian white noise sources, have the properties of infinitely divisible random processes. Using functional approach and the new correlation formula for non-Gaussian white noise we derive directly from Langevin equation, with such a random source, the Kolmogorov's equation for Markovian non-Gaussian process. From this equation we obtain the Fokker-Planck equation for nonlinear system driven by white Gaussian noise, the Kolmogorov-Feller equation for discontinuous Markovian processes, and the fractional Fokker-Planck equation for anomalous diffusion. The stationary probability distributions for some simple cas…

Diffusion equationStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)General MathematicsMathematical analysisGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesOrnstein–Uhlenbeck processCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed MatterGaussian random fieldLangevin equationsymbols.namesakeStochastic differential equationAdditive white Gaussian noiseGaussian noisesymbolsProcess and Kolmogorov'sSoft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)Fokker–Planck equationCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematics
researchProduct

Path-wise versus kinetic modeling for equilibrating non-Langevin jump-type processes

2014

We discuss two independent methods of solution of a master equation whose biased jump transition rates account for long jumps of L\'{e}vy-stable type and nonetheless admit a Boltzmannian (thermal) equilibrium to arise in the large time asymptotics of a probability density function $\rho (x,t)$. Our main goal is to demonstrate a compatibility of a {\it direct} solution method (an explicit, albeit numerically assisted, integration of the master equation) with an {\it indirect} path-wise procedure, recently proposed in [Physica {\bf A 392}, 3485, (2013)] as a valid tool for a dynamical analysis of non-Langevin jump-type processes. The path-wise method heavily relies on an accumulation of large…

Direct solution methodStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)PhysicsQC1-999cauchy driverGeneral Physics and AstronomyFOS: Physical sciencesmaster equationProbability density functionlévy processesKinetic energynon-langevin modellinggillespie’s algorithmLévy processboltzmann equilibriumThermalMaster equationJumpStatistical analysisStatistical physicsCondensed Matter - Statistical Mechanicspath-wise modellingMathematics
researchProduct

Distribution of Pholeter gastrophilus (Digenea) within the stomach of four odontocete species: the role of the diet and digestive physiology of hosts

2005

We compared the distribution of the digenean Pholeter gastrophilus in the stomach of 27 harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, 27 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, 18 bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, and 100 long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas. The stomach of these species is composed of 4 chambers of different size, structure and function. In all species, P. gastrophilus was largely restricted to the glandular region of the stomach, but the parasite tended to favour the fundic chamber in bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises, the pyloric chamber in pilot whales, and none in striped dolphins. However, predictability at infrapopulation level was generally low, sugg…

DolphinsCetaceaPhocoenaTrematode InfectionsStenella coeruleoalbaBiologyModels BiologicalDigeneaPredationDigestive System Physiological Phenomenabiology.animalPrevalenceAnimalsComputer SimulationBiomassProbabilityModels StatisticalHost (biology)EcologyStomachConfounding Factors Epidemiologicbiology.organism_classificationGlobicephala melasDietInfectious DiseasesAnimal Science and ZoologyParasitologyTrematodaTrematodaParasitology
researchProduct