Search results for " Subunit"
showing 10 items of 502 documents
Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis
2006
Abstract Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. …
Structure of a molluscan hemocyanin didecamer (HtH1 from Haliotis tuberculata) at 12 Å resolution by cryoelectron microscopy
2000
A 12 A resolution three-dimensional density map of the Haliotis tuberculata hemocyanin type 1 (HtH1) didecamer has been obtained by cryoelectron microscopy of unstained molecules and angular reconstitution. The dyad symmetry of the 8 MDa D5 HtH1 didecamer, formed by the pairing of two asymmetric 4 MDa ring-like C5 decamers, is emphasised. The major and minor surface helical grooves of the didecamer are well defined, in agreement with earlier data on molluscan hemocyanins. The location of the obliquely orientated repeating unit, a subunit dimer, within the decamer has been defined. Following interactive extraction of this dimer, several new structural features of the dimer and of the subunit…
Elevated serum levels of IGF-binding protein 2 in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer: correlation with tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein a…
2008
Background/aimsAlterations of the IGF system have been described in several different types of cancer. However, no information is available about the role of the IGF system in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer.MethodsFree IGF-I, IGF-II, acid-labile subunit, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1–4 were analyzed by specific RIAs in 32 patients with untreated non-seminomas and compared with IGFBP levels of 38 healthy controls. Serum IGFBPs were analyzed by western ligand blotting (WLB) and immunoblotting. In 16 patients, IGFBP profiles were measured before, during, and after treatment.ResultsIn patients with testicular cancer, IGF-II levels were on average 1.44-fold higher than in …
Nickel induces intracellular calcium mobilization and pathophysiological responses in human cultured airway epithelial cells.
2009
Abstract Environmental exposure to nickel is associated to respiratory disorders and potential toxicity in the lung but molecular mechanisms remain incompletely explored. The extracellular Ca 2+ -sensing receptor (CaSR) is widely distributed and may be activated by divalent cations. In this study, we investigated the presence of CaSR in human cultured airway epithelial cells and its activation by nickel. Nickel transiently increased intracellular calcium (−log EC 50 = 4.67 ± 0.06) in A549 and human bronchial epithelial cells as measured by epifluorescence microscopy. Nickel (20 μM)-induced calcium responses were reduced after thapsigargin or ryanodine exposure but not by Ca 2+ -free medium…
A distinct subset of HLA-DR+-regulatory T cells is involved in the induction of preterm labor during pregnancy and in the induction of organ rejectio…
2010
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to suppress alloimmune responses during pregnancy and post organ transplantation. We demonstrate that a distinct subset of FoxP3(+)DR(+)-Tregs among the total CD4(+)CD127(low+/-)CD25(+)-Treg cell pool is critically involved in preterm labor induction and kidney transplant rejection as well. Compared to healthy pregnancies and non-rejecting kidney recipients, we found that the percentage of the FoxP3(+)DR(+)-Treg subset was not reduced, but that the level of HLA-DR expression of such Tregs was strongly diminished in preterm laboring women and in patients with acute renal allograft rejection. In addition, both patient collectives showed a significantly red…
Crosstalk between angiotensin and the nonamyloidogenic pathway of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein.
2017
The association between hypertension and an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is well established. Many data suggest that modulation of the renin-angiotensin system may be meaningful for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular AD. Proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by α-secretase precludes formation of neurotoxic Aβ peptides and is expected to counteract the development of AD. An established approach for the up-regulation of α-secretase cleavage is the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Therefore, our study aimed to analyze whether stimulation of angiotensin AT1 or AT2 receptors stably expressed…
On the Occurrence of the Invasive Freshwater Limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Japan.
2018
Two members of the genus Ferrissia Walker, 1903, namely Ferrissia nipponica (Kuroda, 1949) and F. japonica Habe and Burch, 1965, have been reported to occur in Japan, but due to a lack of molecular data, doubts have been expressed as to their validity. Furthermore, the possible presence of allochthonous Ferrissia taxa has been stated under a variety of names, so that even now there is no consensus on their presence and identity. Recently, freshwater limpets belonging to the planorbid genus Ferrissia were collected in an irrigation trough on the Izu island of Hachijōjima, Tokyo, Japan. Molecular identification of the collected specimens, based on a fragment of the large ribosomal subunit 16S…
SWATH-MS based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals that curcumin alters the metabolic enzyme profile of CML cells by affecting the activity of m…
2018
Background Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder caused by expression of the chimeric BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase oncogene, resulting from the t(9;22) chromosomal translocation. Imatinib (gleevec, STI-571) is a selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL activity highly effective in the treatment of CML. However, even though almost all CML patients respond to treatment with imatinib or third generation inhibitors, these drugs are not curative and need to be taken indefinitely or until patients become resistant. Therefore, to get a definitive eradication of leukemic cells, it is necessary to find novel therapeutic combinations, for achieving greater efficacy and fewer side effec…
Functional cysteine-less subunits of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) by de novo gene assembly
2002
AbstractWithin the adaptive immune system the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a pivotal role in loading of peptides onto major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules. As a central tool to investigate the structure and function of the TAP complex, we created cysteine-less human TAP subunits by de novo gene synthesis, replacing all 19 cysteines in TAP1 and TAP2. After expression in TAP-deficient human fibroblasts, cysteine-less TAP1 and TAP2 are functional with respect to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent peptide transport and inhibition by ICP47 from herpes simplex virus. Cysteine-less TAP1 and TAP2 restore maturation and intracellular trafficking of MHC c…
Nautilus pompilius Hemocyanin: 9 Å Cryo-EM Structure and Molecular Model Reveal the Subunit Pathway and the Interfaces between the 70 Functional Units
2007
Hemocyanins are giant extracellular oxygen carriers in the hemolymph of many molluscs. Nautilus pompilius (Cephalopoda) hemocyanin is a cylindrical decamer of a 350 kDa polypeptide subunit that in turn is a "pearl-chain" of seven different functional units (FU-a to FU-g). Each globular FU has a binuclear copper centre that reversibly binds one O(2) molecule, and the 70-FU decamer is a highly allosteric protein. Its primary structure and an 11 A cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure have recently been determined, and the crystal structures of two related FU types are available in the databanks. However, in molluscan hemocyanin, the precise subunit pathway within the decamer, the inter…