Search results for " Sympathetic"

Impulse interval-dependent effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on evoked acetylcholine release from the rabbit perfused atria preparation.

1995

The aim of the present study was to explore possible prejunctional effects mediated by impulse activity of sympathetic terminals on evoked acetylcholine release in an organ innervated by the autonomic ground plexus. Rabbit atria were isolated with the extrinsic right vagus and sympathetic nerves intact and perfused with Tyrode solution. Acetylcholine overflow was determined after labelling of the transmitter stores with [14C]choline and fractionation of the radioactivity on cation exchange columns. The overflow of endogenous noradrenaline was measured by HPLC and electrochemical detection. The vagus nerve was stimulated at 2 Hz for 3 min four times at intervals of 10 min. During the second …

Autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome bind to a differentiation-dependent neuronal surface autoantigen.

2009

Complex regional pain syndrome, which is characterised by pain and trophic disturbances, develops frequently after peripheral limb trauma. There is an increasing evidence of an involvement of the immune system in CRPS, and recently we showed that CRPS patients have autoantibodies against nervous system structures. Therefore we tested the sera of CRPS patients, neuropathy patients and healthy volunteers for surface-binding autoantibodies to primary cultures of autonomic neurons and differentiated neuroblastoma cell lines using flow cytometry. Thirteen of 30 CRPS patients, but none of 30 healthy controls and only one of the 20 neuropathy sera had specific surface binding to autonomic neurons …

Nitric oxide and excitatory postsynaptic currents in immature rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro.

1997

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was localized to sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the intermediolateral cell column and cyclic GMP immunoreactivity to nerve fibers projecting into the intermediolateral cell column of 20-25-day-old rats. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from sympathetic preganglionic neurons in spinal cord slices of immature rats and the role of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP on excitatory postsynaptic currents was studied. Superfusing the slices with the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (300 microM) increased the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents as well as the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic current…

Imbalance between sympathetic and sensory innervation in peritoneal endometriosis

2011

To investigate possible mechanisms of pain pathophysiology in patients with peritoneal endometriosis, a clinical study on sensory and sympathetic nerve fibre sprouting in endometriosis was performed. Peritoneal lesions (n= 40) and healthy peritoneum (n= 12) were immunostained and analysed with anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), anti-substance P (SP) and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), specific markers for intact nerve fibres, sensory nerve fibres and sympathetic nerve fibres, respectively, to identify the ratio of sympathetic and sensory nerve fibres. In addition, immune cell infiltrates in peritoneal endometriotic lesions were analysed and the nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleuki…

Input for baroreflex analysis: which blood pressure signal should be used?

2022

The baroreflex (BR) is an important physiological regulatory mechanism which reacts to blood pressure perturbations with reflex changes of target variables such as the heart period (electrocardiogram derived RR interval) or the peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). Evaluation of cardiac chronotropic (RR as a target variable) and vascular resistance (target PVR) BR arms was in previous studies mainly based on the use of the spontaneous variability of the systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), respectively, as the input signals. The use of other blood pressure measures such as the mean blood pressure (MBP) as an input signal for BR analysis is still under investigation. Making the a…

Effects of Sicilian Opuntia ficus-indica juice on heart rate variability after a maximal exercise in young physically active women

2018

CB(1) signaling in forebrain and sympathetic neurons is a key determinant of endocannabinoid actions on energy balance

2010

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a critical role in obesity development. The pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1)) has been shown to reduce body weight and to alleviate obesity-related metabolic disorders. An unsolved question is at which anatomical level CB(1) modulates energy balance and the mechanisms involved in its action. Here, we demonstrate that CB(1) receptors expressed in forebrain and sympathetic neurons play a key role in the pathophysiological development of diet-induced obesity. Conditional mutant mice lacking CB(1) expression in neurons known to control energy balance, but not in nonneuronal peripheral organs, displayed a lean phenotype and res…

Vulnerability of peripheral catecholaminergic neurons to MPTP is not regulated by alpha-synuclein.

2010

Although generally considered a prototypical movement disorder, Parkinson's disease is commonly associated with a broad-spectrum of non-motor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunctions caused by significant alterations in catecholaminergic neurons of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Here we present evidence that alpha-synuclein is highly expressed by sympathetic ganglion neurons throughout embryonic and postnatal life and that it is found in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive sympathetic fibers innervating the heart of adult mice. However, mice deficient in alpha-synuclein do not exhibit any apparent alterations in sympathetic development. Sympathetic neurons isolated from mouse embryo…

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is more effective than cervical arthroplasty in relieving atypical symptoms in patients with cervical spondyl…

2022

Background and purpose Patients with cervical spondylosis often present with concurrent 'atypical symptoms' of unknown etiology that have been associated with cervical spondylotic disease, including dizziness, headache, nausea, tinnitus, blurred vision, palpitations, and memory and gastrointestinal disturbances. Few studies have addressed whether surgical intervention to treat classic symptoms of cervical spondylosis can also effectively alleviate atypical symptoms. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to compare the ability of cervical arthroplasty (CA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to alleviate atypical symptoms associated with cervical spondylosis. Materials and…

Could Low-Frequency Electromyostimulation Training be an Effective Alternative to Endurance Training? An Overview in One Adult

2014

This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week low-frequency electromyostimulation training (10Hz) on the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems. To that purpose, aerobic capacity, knee extensor muscles strength and architecture, muscle sympathetic nervous activity, blood pressure and heart rate have been evaluated in one healthy male subject (33 year-old, 1.73 m, 73 kg). Results showed improvement of aerobic capacity (+4.5% and +11.5% for maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold) and muscle strength (+11% and +16% for voluntary and evoked force). Moreover, for the first time, this study demonstrated low-frequency training effects on muscle architectu…