Search results for " Syntax"

Das Gerundium im Italienischen und Spanischen: Ein syntaktischer Vergleich mit Ausblick auf das Ladinische

2015

Il presente articolo è dedicato al confronto tra l’uso del gerundio in italiano e spagnolo; a differenza di quanto si potrebbe pensare a prima vista, la loro corrispondenza formale non implica un identico uso sintattico. La divergenza principale è data dal gerundio predicativo, molto diffuso in spagnolo e agrammaticale in italiano, divergenza che è dovuta a una differente evoluzione sintattica risalente ai primi secoli delle lingue romanze. In spagnolo vi fu infatti la sostituzione sistematica del participio presente latino attraverso il gerundio, mentre nell’italiano del Tardo Medioevo emerse la tendenza a coindicizzare il soggetto del gerundio esclusivamente con il soggetto (o con l’agent…

Aproximación a la lengua de los tratados hipocráticos De fistulis y De haemorrhoidibus

2003

A partir de una aproximación previa en un trabajo anterior a propósito de aspectos fonéticos y morfológicos en dos tratados quirúrgicos del Corpus Hippocraticum, De fistulis y De haemorrhoidibus, en el presente artículo se quiere continuar esta labor en el terreno de la sintaxis y el vocabulario, con vistas a poner de relieve algunos rasgos de griego helenístico que, claramente, aparecen en estos tratados. Todo ello refuerza la opinión de que estos tratados son obras de pleno siglo IV a. C., De haemorrhoidibus probablemente de mediados de siglo y De fistulis quizá algo anterior. From a previous approach about phonetic and morphological features in the Hippocratic treatrises De fistulis and …

A particular coordination structure of Indo-European flavour

2005

The article aims to account for the various, often unexpected positions of the conjunction in coordinated constructions of ancient Indo-European languages, among them Hittite, Ancient Greek, Latin and Vedic Sanskrit. The coordination possibilities of ancient Indo-European languages are derived from the binary branching hypotheses of Universal Grammar, with the result that not only seemingly idiosyncratic facts of a number of languages receive a principled explanation, but also a speculative hypothesis of Universal Grammar receives empirical support; ancient Indo-European languages realize possibilities that are derivable from the Munn-Kayne theory but have not been attested so far.

Cambiamenti nell'uso dei soggetti clitici veneti: il ruolo del contatto con l'italiano

2018

This chapter discusses the results of a series of data on the syntax of subject clitic pronouns in Venetan dialects. The data were gathered through a crowdsourcing tool (google modules), and more than 700 participants took part in the inquiry. The data collection asked for grammaticality judgements on a series of contexts. The main research question was whether the syntax of subject clitics is changing in the language of the younger generation: this question is particularly important because the distribution of the Venetan varieties througout the Veneto region is changing, due to the increasing influence and presence of Italian, which is the L1 of most of the younger speakers. The results s…

Space syntax analysis applied to urban street lighting: Relations between spatial properties and lighting levels

2019

According to the international technical standards, higher lighting levels (luminance and illuminance levels) are expected in trafficked and central roads (where restrictive minimum lighting requirements are necessary) and lower lighting levels are expected in peripheral and less trafficked roads. Starting from this assumption, in this paper, the authors analyse the correlations between spatial properties (expressed by spatial indicators, for example, the integration index and the choice index) and lighting levels (expressed by lighting parameters, for example luminance and illuminance) upon roads of an urban context. The analysis has been applied to the case study of the medium sized town …

Phytosociological and phytogeographical considerations on the orophilous alliance Berberido aetnensis-Crataegion laciniatae (Rhamno-Prunetea)

2011

On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes

2020

Street lighting plays a crucial role in a city’s night landscape and in urban traffic management, influencing users’ comfort and safety. To contain costs of public street lighting systems and to avoid energy waste, illuminance levels on road surfaces must be adequate to fit actual traffic volumes, as prescribed by regulations. This is true not only for motorized roads but also for sidewalks, paths, and pedestrian areas. Regulations in force establish a relationship between road traffic volumes and minimum illuminance levels through the lighting classes selection procedure. Lighting classes selection is based on various para meters among which traffic volume is the most difficult to evaluate…

Gerunds become prepositional infinitives in Romance Small Clauses: the effects of later Merge to the syntactic spine

2019

This article offers a comparative analysis of ‘predicative’ gerunds (‘PGs’) and prepositional infinitives (‘PIs’), focussing on perception constructions in Spanish (PGs) and European Portuguese (PIs). I demonstrate that these two constructions are diachronically related and that they still have a similar syntax. The evidence discussed suggests that both constructions are Small Clauses headed by a preposition of central coincidence. In PGs, this preposition is merged in a low aspectual projection and incorporates into the verb. In PIs, an evolution of PGs, it is merged later in the structure. This leads to a layering process, i.e. the splitting of a single head into a series of heads and tra…

Predicative Gerunds in Spanish and Catalan

2014

In this article I discuss an instance of microvariation in Catalan, which regards the distribution of predicative gerunds. It is proposed that the differences depend on restrictions on the movement of the verb: the more it is restricted, the less contexts will allow the use of gerunds. A crucial argument for this analysis comes from the comparison with Cinque's (1999) hierarchy of functional heads: in all Catalan varieties gerunds can express the aspectual values which are lower in the hierarchy. Conversely, only the varieties where gerunds are most widespread (Central Catalan) allow them to express also the higher aspectual values. In the last part of the article, I argue that there is an …

Metamodel specialization for graphical modeling language support

2016

Most of current modeling languages are based on graphical diagrams. The concrete graphical syntax of these languages typically is defined informally -- by text and diagram examples. Only recently, starting from UML 2.5, a formalism is offered for defining the graphical syntax of UML. This formalism is based on Diagram Definition standard by OMG, where the main emphasis is on enabling diagram interchange between different tools implementing the given language. While this is crucial for standardized languages such as UML, this aspect is not so important for domain specific languages. In this paper an approach is offered for simple direct definition of concrete graphical syntax by means of met…