Search results for " Toxicity"

Blood metal levels after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum

2021

Abstract   OBJECTIVES Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is the most popular surgical approach for paediatric patients with pectus excavatum. A substernal stainless still bar is inserted and left in place for 3 years and then removed. Our goal was to investigate blood metal levels after MIRPE and to correlate them with surgical details, such as the numbers of bars and stabilizers and the length of time the bar was in place. METHODS Blood levels of iron, chromium, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were analysed in 130 teenagers (108 boys and 22 girls) who had MIRPE using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A total of 62 patients were operated on using MIRPE (study…

Changes of QTc interval after opioid switching to oral methadone.

2013

Abstract A consecutive sample of patients who were switched from strong opioids to methadone in a period of 1 year was surveyed. QTc was assessed before switching (T0) and after achieving adequate analgesia and an acceptable level of adverse effects (Ts). Twenty-eight of 33 patients were switched to methadone successfully. The mean initial methadone doses at T0 were 67.1 mg/day (SD ±80.2, range 12-390). The mean QTc interval at T0 was 400 ms (SD ±30, range 330-450). The mean QTc interval at Ts (median 5 days) was 430 ms (SD ±26, range 390-500). The difference (7.7 %) was significant (p < 0.0005). Only two patients had a QTc of 500 ms. No serious arrhythmia was observed. At the linear regres…

Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Novel 3-(Isoxazol-3-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one Derivatives

1999

Several new 3-(isoxazol-3-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities, as well as for their acute toxicity and ulcerogenic effect. A few compounds were as active as phenylbutazone in the writhing and acetic acid peritonitis tests. They had a very low ulcerogenic effect.

Acute and subchronic toxicity of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in male rat. I. Light microscopy and tissue concentrations of MCPA.

1977

A multi-generational study on low-dose BPA exposure in Wistar rats: Effects on maternal behavior, flavor intake and development

2012

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor found as an environmental and food contaminant. It exerts both developmental and behavioral effects, mainly when exposure occurs in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the multi-generational effects of chronic, human-relevant low-dose exposure to BPA on development, maternal behavior and flavor preference in Wistar rats. BPA was orally administered at a daily dose of 5 mu g/kg body weight to FO pregnant dams from the first day of gestation (GD 1) until the last day of lactation (LD 21), and then to Fl offspring from weaning (PND 21) to adulthood (PND 100). F2 offspring were not exposed. Development and clinical signs of toxici…

Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens as either first-line or switch antiretroviral therapy: data from the Icona cohort

2019

Introduction: Concerns about dolutegravir (DTG) tolerability in the real-life setting have recently arisen. We aimed to estimate the risk of treatment discontinuation and virological failure of DTG-based regimens from a large cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Methods: We performed a multicentre, observational study including all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced (TE) patients from the Icona (Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started, for the first time, a DTG-based regimen from January 2015 to December 2017. We estimated the cumulative risk of DTG discontinuation regardless of the reason and for toxicity, and of virologica…

Phenylamides of 1-Phenyl (or Methyl)-5-benzamidopyrazole-4-carboxylic Acid as Vratizolin Analogs with Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities

2001

A number of phenylamides of 5-benzamidopyrazole-4-carboxylic acid were prepared in 50-80 % yields from 1-phenyl (or methyl) 6-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]1,3-oxazin-4(1H)-ones and aniline derivatives. All the compounds were tested for their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities, as well as for their ulcerogenic potential and acute toxicity. Some derivatives, when compared to phenylbutazone, proved more active in the tests for analgesie and antiexudative activities, but less active in the carrageenin paw oedema test. The compounds proved to posses marginal or no ulcerogenic effect, as well as low systemic toxicity.

Acute toxicity of dichlorvos to Aphanius iberus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) and its anti-cholinesterase effects on this species

2008

This study evaluates the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide (OP) dichlorvos to the endangered Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus). To this end, the lethal toxicity of dichlorvos based on 96 h-LC50 bioassays was determined in saline water (50 g/L), and in vivo effects of dichlorvos on cholinesterase (ChE) activity were investigated in adult female and male specimens. The 96 h-LC50 value determined by probit analysis was 3.17 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 1.34-3.97). The characterisation of the ChE using different substrates and specific inhibitors was also carried out in head and muscle tissues. Acetylthiocholine was the substrate preferred by both head and muscle ChE in males and…

Acute ammonia toxicity is mediated by the NMDA type of glutamate receptors

1992

AbstractPrevious experiments in our laboratory suggested that ammonium toxicity could be mediated by the NMDA type of glutamate receptors. To assess this hypothesis we tested if MK-801, a specific antagonist of the NMDA receptor, is able to prevent ammonium toxicity. Mice and rats were injected i.p. with 12 and 7 mmol/kg of ammonium acetate, respectively, 73% of the mice and 70% of the rats died. However, when the animals were injected i.p. with 2 mg/kg of MK-801, 15 min before ammonium injection, only 5% of the mice and 15% of the rats died. The remarkable protection afforded by MK-801 indicates that ammonia toxicity is mediated by the NMDA receptor.

BPA, an Energy Balance Disruptor

2014

International audience; Bisphenol A (BPA) is used extensively in the world and is present in a diverse range of manufactured articles including dental resins, polycarbonate plastics, and the inner coating of food cans. It is a high volume chemical, with global production at 3.6 × 109 kg per year. BPA was identified as a high priority for assessment of human health risk because it was considered to present greatest potential for human exposure. Most studies of the health effects of BPA have focused on endocrine disruption leading to reproductive toxicity, but it displays additional side effects, including liver damage, disrupted pancreatic β-cell function, thyroid hormone disruption, and obe…