Search results for " Trade"
showing 10 items of 533 documents
Consumer Ethics Research: Reframing the Debate about Consumption for Good
2008
Consumer ethics is an underdeveloped specialism of business and marketing ethics, within which most publications have focused on bad rather than on good ethics, and on consumer dishonesty rather than on consumer idealism or consumer responsibility. This conceptual paper explores the latter perspective, and examines how we can seek to understand “consumer social responsibility” from perspectives such as consumer citizenship, political consumerism and consumer decision making. Much of the literature dealing with positive ethical dimensions of consumer behavior is limited to augmentations of conventional models of consumer behavior and the decisions rules that operate within them. This paper a…
La motivación de compra de productos de comercio justo: propuesta de un índice de medición por diferencias sociodemográficas
2012
Entre los diferentes campos de estudio del comercio justo, el basado en el análisis de las características del consumidor es de los más ricos e interesantes. El objetivo del texto es contribuir a dar respuesta a la pregunta sobre las motivaciones que llevan a los consumidores a comprar productos de comercio justo. Para ello, se analizan el concepto de comercio justo y la dimensionali-dad de las motivaciones de compra de este tipo de producto. El trabajo explora empíricamente las diferencias socio-demográficas entre los consumidores en-cuestados, sobre la base de un índice construido a partir de las puntuaciones de la motivación de compra en tiendas de comercio justo. Dicho índice permite de…
Making conservation sustainable under unfavourable conditions : the case of Chimanimani National Reserve, Mozambique
2019
Based on a case study from the Chimanimani National Reserve in Mozambique, this article analyses to what extent different types of operational practices can contribute to the sustainability of protected areas in relatively unfavourable external conditions. While current conservation policies highlight community participation and market-based approaches, the same “best practices” are not equally valid under different conditions. Where unfavourable natural conditions, lack of infrastructure, difficult access and political instability limit the potential for upmarket ecotourism, actors should focus on community empowerment, diversification of livelihoods, and building joint conservation ideolo…
IS THERE A CONTINENTAL BIAS IN TRADE?
2011
The relationship between geography and trade is a central topic in international economics. This paper investigates the potential existence of a continental bias in world trade flows on a sample of 182 countries over the period 1990-2006. Using traditional estimation techniques and recent developments in the econometric analysis of the gravity equation, we find robust evidence of an economically significant continental bias in trade. It implies that, other things equal, countries located on the same continent trade more with each other than countries located on different continents. A continent-by-continent analysis reveals that Oceania, America, Europe and Asia are behind this result. Afri…
The migration–tourism nexus in the EU28
2020
This study explores the nexus between tourism and migration on an intra-European scale over the period 2000–2015. Complex-network analysis and gravity models were the investigation methods preferred. For each year under study, we built two country-to-country networks to map and reveal the connections between states as shaped by migration stocks and tourism flows, respectively. Then, the main determinants of the correlation patterns between the two networks were investigated by several econometric analysis. Results point to a quite similar topological structure for the tourism and migration networks as well as to a significant and reciprocal direct influence between tourism and migration mo…
Examining the impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows using panel data: Un análisis con datos de panel
2016
Using newly panel data on visa restrictions for the years 2000 and 2010 in a theory-grounded gravity model, we find a robust, causal negative impact of visa restrictions on international tourist flows. By destination, the detrimental impact of this type of barrier is observed for tourists going to developing countries (with the exception of East and South Asia), but not for those to developed ones. By country of origin of tourists, the impact of visa restrictions appears to be the same for tourists coming from developed and developing countries. These findings have important consequences in policy terms for tourism management at a regional level.
Relevance of trade facilitation in emerging countries exports
2012
The objective of this article is to analyse trade flows in emerging nations with a maritime boundary, where trade facilitation plays a decisive role in their international development. In order to detect possible patterns in performance, we apply the economic approach of gravity models using the World Bank Logistic Performance Index (LPI) as a good proxy of trade facilitation. The results of the estimation lead to the conclusion that the more complex the transportation of goods is, the more influential the logistics indicator, trade facilitation being most prominent in Middle East exporters.
The internationalisation of the Spanish food industry: the home market effect and European market integration
2015
<p>The objective of this study was to analyse, from a long-term perspective, the factors determining the process of the internationalisation of the Spanish agrifood industry. The paper concentrates on the empirical verification of the existence of a home market effect in the food and drink industries in Spain and on the effects on trade flows of integration into the European Union. With this aim in mind, we took into account the latest contributions to the estimation of the gravity equation for a sample of export flows from 13 agrifood subsectors between 1970 and 2012, with a destination of 175 markets. From the results of the study the existence of the “home market effect” stands out…
Currency unions and trade : what is the impact of the euro on trade in the euro area?
2012
The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of the euro on trade within the euro area. This has been a relevant question for European politicians ever since the launch of the common currency was agreed on in the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. To analyse the topic the gravity model of international trade augmented with several dummy variables is employed using panel data of 29 developed countries between 1995 and 2010. The estimated aggregate trade effect on the euro zone reaches 10 % in the most preferred regression and is comparable with earlier estimates. However, there is considerable variation in the results when different sample sizes are used. This could be a sign of omitted variable …
Talent Competitiveness and Competitiveness through Talent
2014
Abstract The current economic environment makes us acknowledge that the human factor is the most critical resource for all national economies which aspire to improve their competitiveness and innovativeness in a sustainable way. Talent is the engine of that and a growing number of countries have recognized the importance of talent competitiveness. This article aims to cast a light on this matter and to present the findings of the Global Talent Competitiveness Report form 2013 which shows us why “the war for talent” is a global one. Also, the article provides some guidelines for a deeper understanding of talent: how we can attract and retain the workforce of the future.