Search results for " Trait"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Changing agricultural practices modifies the species and trait composition of the weed flora. A simulation study using a cropping system model
2013
International audience; Cropping systems change over time to adapt to socio-economical and environmental constraints and to profit from technological innovations. These changes can result in unexpected side-effects which are difficult to determine in fields. The objective of the present study was to use a cropping system model to evaluate the impacts of modified agricultural practices ex ante on weeds. The FLORSYS model quantifies the effect of crop succession, management techniques and climate on multi-specific weed dynamics over the years; it was parameterized with functional relationships predicting model parameters (e.g. pre-emergent seedling mortality) from species traits (e.g. seed ma…
Growth and reproduction responses of French invasive and North American native populations of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. to defoliati…
2012
Enemy release and Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypotheses have been put forward to explain invasion success of introduced plant species. These hypotheses assume that the loss of natural enemies could induce an evolutionary change in plant defence and in resource allocation allowing the introduced plant populations to increase in vigour and fitness. To detect changes in functional traits following defoliation, we compared native and introduced populations of common ragweed, grown in a common garden environment. We compared six populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., three from the North American native range and three from the French introduction range. We explored the effec…
Changing agricultural practices modify the species and trait composition of the weed flora. A simulation study using a cropping system model
2012
International audience
Les adventices réduisent le rendement et la réduction d'usage d'herbicides aggrave cette perte si elle n'est pas compensée par des mesures préventive…
2017
EAGESTAD INRA; Cette étude analyse les relations entre usage d'herbicides, infestation d’adventices et pertes de rendement en parcelles d'agriculteurs, via la simulation. Nous avons simulé 255 systèmes de culture d'agriculteurs de 7 régions avec une flore adventice régionale, puis sans adventices, et enfin sans herbicides. Les résultats montrent que (1) la perte de production augmente avec la biomasse adventice, (2) il n'y a pas de relation entre IFT herbicide d'une part, biomasse adventice et perte de rendement d'autre part parce que les agriculteurs prennent des mesures compensatoires lorsqu'ils réduisent l'usage d'herbicides, (3) la perte de rendement et la nuisibilité liée aux adventice…
Parameterizing the "grassland" module in the multispecific model FlorSys
2013
EAEcolDurCT1; The multispecies model FlorSys can predict the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of weed communities in annual crops ; however, it is not configured to predict the fate of weeds in permanent cover such as grasslands. We realized the simulation of a weed seed rain in controlled conditions to estimate the percentage of weed seeds intercepted by a grass cover. Parameters of this linear model will be used to develop a new sub model in FlorSys to be able to simulate weed dynamics in temporary grasslands. We used twelve weed species selected on the basis of specific morphological characteristics and observations made in the experimental set up of SOERE ACBB (Observatory En…
La procédure de sauvegarde : se mettre sous la protection de la justice tout en restant chef dans son entreprise
2007
National audience
Conditions de fond concernant les cas d'ouverture des procédures
2007
International audience
Sauvegarde, redressement et liquidation judiciaires : règles générales de compétence
2007
International audience
Conditions de forme. Compétence du tribunal
2007
International audience
Conditions de fond concernant les personnes morales
2007
International audience