Search results for " Trait"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Rare variant analyses across multiethnic cohorts identify novel genes for refractive error
2023
Refractive error, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (SER), is a complex eye condition caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with strong positive or negative values of SER require spectacles or other approaches for vision correction. Common genetic risk factors have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but a great part of the refractive error heritability is still missing. Some of this heritability may be explained by rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≤ 0.01.). We performed multiple gene-based association tests of mean Spherical Equivalent with rare variants in exome array data from the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopi…
Suppression and Replacement Gene Therapy for Autosomal Dominant Disease in a Murine Model of Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa
2011
For dominantly inherited disorders development of gene therapies, targeting the primary genetic lesion has been impeded by mutational heterogeneity. An example is rhodopsin-linked autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa with over 150 mutations in the rhodopsin gene. Validation of a mutation-independent suppression and replacement gene therapy for this disorder has been undertaken. The therapy provides a means of correcting the genetic defect in a mutation-independent manner thereby circumventing the mutational diversity. Separate adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to deliver an RNA interference (RNAi)-based rhodopsin suppressor and a codon-modified rhodopsin replacement gene res…
Defining the Island Dwarfing Rate of an Extinct Sicilian Elephant Using Ancient DNA
2020
Evolution on islands, and the often extreme phenotypic changes associated with it, has attracted much interest from evolutionary biologists. However, measuring the rate of change of a particular phenotypic trait of extinct animals can be challenging, due to the incompleteness of the fossil record. Here, we use combined molecular and fossil evidence to define the minimum and maximum rate of dwarfing in an extinct Mediterranean dwarf elephant from Puntali Cave (Sicily). Despite the challenges associated with recovering ancient DNA from warm climates, we successfully retrieved a mitogenome from a sample with an estimated age between 147,000 and 50,000 years. Our results suggest that this speci…
Apmierinātības ar partnerattiecībām saistība ar histēriskas personības iezīmēm
2019
Bakalaura darba pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistība starp apmierinātību ar partnerattiecībām un histēriskas personības iezīmju izteiktību. Lai šo mērķi sasniegtu, tika izvirzīts pētījuma jautājums – kāda saistība pastāv starp apmierinātību ar partnerattiecībām un histēriskas personības iezīmju izteiktību? Lai atbildētu uz pētījuma jautājumu, tika veikta literatūras analīze un veikts pētījums. Pētījumā piedalījās 70 respondenti vecumā no 20 līdz 49 gadiem (vidējais vecums 27,20 gadi), kuri ir romantiskās attiecībās no 2 mēnešiem līdz 18 gadiem (vidējais attiecību ilgums 3,83 gadi). Datu iegūšanai tika izmantota “Attiecību novērtēšanas skala” (Relationship Assessment Scale (H…
Hybridization, developmental stability, and functionality of morphological traits in the ground beetle Carabus solieri (Coleoptera, Carabidae).
2006
Correspondance.: stephane.garnier@u-bourgogne.fr; International audience; The assessment of developmental stability in hybrids can provide valuable information in the study of species formation because it allows an evaluation of the degree of incompatibility of genetic systems that control developmental processes. The present study assessed the impact of two hybridization events, assumed to have occurred at different times, on developmental instability in the ground beetle Carabus solieri . Developmental instability was estimated in 678 individuals from 27 populations from the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels of four morphological traits: the tibia length of middle and hind legs, which are…
Longitudinal profiles of mental well-being as correlates of successful aging in middle age
2017
This study analyzed the multidimensional (including emotional, psychological, and social well-being) profiles of mental well-being and their links to various indicators of successful aging (SA; including diseases, cognitive and physical function, and engagement with life). The analyses were based on the Finnish Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, where the age-cohort participants have been followed from age 8 to 50. Data on 335 participants collected in mid-adulthood were analyzed. Applying Latent Profile Analysis and measures of life satisfaction and psychological well-being at ages 36, 42, and 50 and social well-being at ages 42 and 50, four longitudinal w…
Data from: I smell where you walked – how chemical cues influence movement decisions in ants
2016
Interactions between animals are not restricted to direct encounters. Frequently, individuals detect the proximity of others through cues unintentionally left by others, such as prey species assessing predation risk based on indirect predator cues. However, while the importance of indirect cues in predator–prey interactions has been intensely studied, their role in interactions among competitors, and their consequences for community structure, are little known to date. Ant communities are usually structured by aggressive interactions between competing species. Responding to cues of others should be useful to avoid competitors or discover food sources. In ants and other insects, such cues in…
Secular rise in economically valuable personality traits
2017
Although trends in many physical characteristics and cognitive capabilities of modern humans are well-documented, less is known about how personality traits have evolved over time. We analyze data from a standardized personality test administered to 79% of Finnish men born between 1962 and 1976 (n = 419,523) and find steady increases in personality traits that predict higher income in later life. The magnitudes of these trends are similar to the simultaneous increase in cognitive abilities, at 0.2-0.6 SD during the 15-y window. When anchored to earnings, the change in personality traits amounts to a 12% increase. Both personality and cognitive ability have consistent associations with famil…
Functional structure of European forest beetle communities is enhanced by rare species
2022
Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss of species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, roles of individual species are poorly known. Rare species, often most likely to go extinct, may have unique traits and functional roles. Alternatively, rare species may be functionally redundant, such that their loss would not disrupt ecosystem functions. We quantified the functional role of rare species by using captures of wood-living (saproxylic) beetle species, combined with recent databases of morphological and ecological traits, from three regions in central and northern Europe. Using a rarity index based…
Impact of personality on postural control in football players – a pilot study
2018
Wprowadzenie. W porównaniu do innych sportowców, piłkarze są w grupie dyscyplin sportowych o podwyższonym ryzyku kontuzji związanych z utratą równowagi ciała. Jedno z największych wyzwań współczesnego sportu stanowi znalezienie wszystkich czynników, które mogą wpływać na system utrzymywania równowagi ciała zawodników. Rozwój badań nad przewidywaniem i zapobieganiem urazom sportowym powinien być zorientowany na perspektywę biopsychospołeczną. Cel. Eksplorowanie związków między kontrolą równowagi ciała a cechami osobowości Wielkiej Piątki w grupie piłkarzy. Materiały i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 27 piłkarzy (średnia wieku 35,4±16,9 lat). Do oceny równowagi postawy zastosowano platformę K…