Search results for " Transport"
showing 10 items of 3573 documents
The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function
2019
International audience; The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular comp…
Sorting signals for PIN1 trafficking and localization
2016
PIN-FORMED (PIN) family proteins direct polar auxin transport based on their asymmetric (polar) localization at the plasma membrane. In the case of PIN1, it mainly localizes to the basal (rootward) plasma membrane domain of stele cells in root meristems. Vesicular trafficking events, such as clathrin-dependent PIN1 endocytosis and polar recycling, are probably the main determinants for PIN1 polar localization. However, very little is known about the signals which may be involved in binding the μ-adaptin subunit of clathrin adaptor complexes (APs) for sorting of PIN1 within clathrin-coated vesicles, which can determine its trafficking and localization. We have performed a systematic mutagene…
Endocytosis of the glutamate transporter 1 is regulated by laforin and malin: Implications in Lafora disease.
2020
Postprint 36 páginas, 7 figuras
Reversible Axonal Dystrophy by Calcium Modulation in Frataxin-Deficient Sensory Neurons of YG8R Mice
2017
15 Pages, 8 Figures. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00264/full#supplementary-material
How Glutamate Is Managed by the Blood-Brain Barrier.
2016
A facilitative transport system exists on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) that has been tacitly assumed to be a path for glutamate entry to the brain. However, glutamate is a non-essential amino acid whose brain content is much greater than plasma, and studies in vivo show that glutamate does not enter the brain in appreciable quantities except in those small regions with fenestrated capillaries (circumventricular organs). The situation became understandable when luminal (blood facing) and abluminal (brain facing) membranes were isolated and studied separately. Facilitative transport of glutamate and glutamine exists only on the luminal membranes, whereas Na+-dependent transport systems for g…
Ticket to Ride: Targeting Proteins to Exosomes for Brain Delivery.
2017
Exosomes represent an attractive vehicle for the delivery of biomolecules. However, mechanisms for loading functional molecules into exosomes are relatively unexplored. Here we report the use of the evolutionarily conserved late-domain (L-domain) pathway as a mechanism for loading exogenous proteins into exosomes. We demonstrate that labeling of a target protein, Cre recombinase, with a WW tag leads to recognition by the L-domain-containing protein Ndfip1, resulting in ubiquitination and loading into exosomes. Our results show that Ndfip1 expression acts as a molecular switch for exosomal packaging of WW-Cre that can be suppressed using the exosome inhibitor GW4869. When taken up by floxed …
Cationic Amino Acid Transporter-1-Mediated Arginine Uptake Is Essential for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Viability
2019
Interfering with tumor metabolism by specifically restricting the availability of extracellular nutrients is a rapidly emerging field of cancer research. A variety of tumor entities depend on the uptake of the amino acid arginine since they have lost the ability to synthesize it endogenously, that is they do not express the rate limiting enzyme for arginine synthesis, argininosuccinate synthase (ASS). Arginine transport through the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is mediated by eight different transporters that belong to two solute carrier (SLC) families. In the present study we found that the proliferation of primary as well as immortalized chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells depen…
2-Methoxyestradiol Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis Pathway and Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Flavoprotein Subunit A in Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells.
2017
Background/aim Dysregulation of mitochondrial pathways is implicated in several diseases, including cancer. Notably, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis are favored in some invasive cancer cells, such as osteosarcoma. Hence, the aim of the current work was to investigate the effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), a potent anticancer agent, on the mitochondrial biogenesis of osteosarcoma cells. Materials and methods Highly metastatic osteosarcoma 143B cells were treated with 2-ME separately or in combination with L-lactate, or with the solvent (non-treated control cells). Protein levels of α-syntrophin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alph…
Lack of a peroxiredoxin suppresses the lethality of cells devoid of electron donors by channelling electrons to oxidized ribonucleotide reductase
2017
The thioredoxin and glutaredoxin pathways are responsible of recycling several enzymes which undergo intramolecular disulfide bond formation as part of their catalytic cycles such as the peroxide scavengers peroxiredoxins or the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR, the rate-limiting enzyme of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, is an essential enzyme relying on these electron flow cascades for recycling. RNR is tightly regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner at different levels, but little is known about the participation of electron donors in such regulation. Here, we show that cytosolic thioredoxins Trx1 and Trx3 are the primary electron donors for RNR in fission yeast. Unexpectedly,…
Palmitoylethanolamide Promotes a Proresolving Macrophage Phenotype and Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
2018
Objective— Palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous fatty acid mediator that is synthetized from membrane phospholipids by N -acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D. Its biological actions are primarily mediated by PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α) and the orphan receptor GPR55. Palmitoylethanolamide exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions but its physiological role and promise as a therapeutic agent in chronic arterial inflammation, such as atherosclerosis remain unexplored. Approach and Results— First, the polarization of mouse primary macrophages towards a proinflammatory phenotype was found to reduce N -acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D expression …