Search results for " Vaccination"
showing 10 items of 226 documents
Obiezione di coscienza e vulnerabilità. Il lato oscuro dei movimenti di resistenza alle vaccinazioni obbligatorie.
2019
After a worrying decrease of the rate of vaccination, Italian Parliament has enacted the law 119/2017 which raises the number of mandatory vaccination and prohibits unvaccinated children, except those for medical reasons, to attend infant school. In this paper, I focus on the moral justification of antivaccinist groups by applying the account of conscientious objection provided by Raz and followed by Gascón Abellan and Saporiti. According to this conception, conscientious objection is a moral right insofar as it is an instance of a right to privacy, which entails the right to do wrong. I show how this conception cannot justify these movements insofar as 1) it assumes a moral topography in w…
Triggering of Toll-like receptors in the elderly. A pilot study relevant for vaccination
2017
The impaired ability of the elderly to mount an efficient immune response after exposure to microbes or vaccines represents a major challenge in protection against pathogens in ageing. Recently studies have shown that stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), using stimulatory ligands, can enhance vaccine efficacy by a number of mechanisms, including the activation of innate immune cells and the consequent production of inflammatory cytokines.
Pneumococcal vaccination in celiac disease
2019
Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten exposure in genetically predisposed subjects. Areas covered: Infectious disease is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in CD patients. Invasive streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a particularly dangerous morbid condition in both the general population and celiac patients. Pneumococcal vaccination is the most effective means for its prevention. Expert opinion: In CD, evaluation of spleen function should be useful to select patients who may benefit from vaccination to reduce the risk of pneumococcal disease. Different strategies could be employed: physicians could search for signs of hypos…
Efficient homologous prime-boost strategies for T cell vaccination based on virus-like particles.
2005
Induction of high frequencies of specific T cells by vaccination requires prime-boost regimens. To reach optimal immune responses, it is necessary to use different vectors for priming and boosting as e.g. DNA vaccination followed by boosting with a recombinant viral vector. Here, we show that vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLP) displaying peptide epitopes are equally effective to induce CTL responses if used in a homologous or heterologous prime-boost setting. Strikingly, high frequencies (>20% of CD8(+) cells) of protective CTL could be induced and maintained by weekly injection of VLP. Thus, the use of VLP may avoid the requirement for complicated heterologous prime-boost regi…
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of the introduction of influenza vaccination for Italian children with Fluenz Tetra®
2021
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Histological and immunohistochemical findings in a fatal case of thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination
2021
This case report describes a fatal case of a young woman with superior sagittal, transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. Eleven days post-vaccination she was found unconscious and transferred to the Emergency Department. Blood parameters showed low platelets, and a CT scan showed an extensive left intracranial hemorrhage and the presence of an occlusive thrombus of the superior sagittal sinus. She under-went a craniectomy, but after the intervention, she remained in a comatose state. After a few days, her clinical conditions worsened, and she died. A complete autopsy was performed which showed a thrombosis of the cerebral venous distr…
Transcriptional targeting of dendritic cells for gene therapy using the promoter of the cytoskeletal protein fascin.
2003
Strong cell-type-specific promoters are basic tools in gene therapy allowing for novel applications and focused strategies by transcriptionally targeting gene expression to selected cells. In immunotherapy, dendritic cells (DC) are of central importance, since they represent the principal inducers of immune responses. Here we describe isolation and use of the promoter of the murine actin-bundling protein fascin to target transcriptionally gene expression to cutaneous DC. Using the reporter gene enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), we demonstrate that the fascin promoter mediates a strong antigen expression that is restricted to mature DC. DNA vaccination with antigen-encoding expressi…
Transcriptional targeting of dendritic cells in gene gun-mediated DNA immunization favors the induction of type 1 immune responses
2003
Cutaneous dendritic cells (DC) are pivotal for the elicitation of antigen-specific immune responses following gene gun-mediated biolistic transfection of the skin. We transcriptionally targeted transgene expression to DC using vectors containing the murine fascin promoter (pFascin) to control antigen production and compared the immune response elicited with conventional DNA immunization using plasmid constructs with the ubiquitously active CMV promoter (pCMV). Biolistic transfection with pFascin initiated a marked type 1 immune response characterized by the occurrence of a large population of IFN-gamma-producing T helper (Th) cells in spleen and draining lymph nodes. Consistently, immunoglo…
TBVAC2020: Advancing Tuberculosis Vaccines from Discovery to Clinical Development
2017
International audience; TBVAC2020 is a research project supported by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (EC). It aims at the discovery and development of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines from preclinical research projects to early clinical assessment. The project builds on previous collaborations from 1998 onwards funded through the EC framework programs FP5, FP6, and FP7. It has succeeded in attracting new partners from outstanding laboratories from all over the world, now totaling 40 institutions. Next to the development of novel vaccines, TB biomarker development is also considered an important asset to facilitate rational vaccine selection and development. In addition, …
La microbiología en el siglo XIX español: organización de su actividad científica
1984
S'estudia la legislació i les institucions bacteriològiques del segle XIX. La Microbiologia va estar unida a la Higiene en els plans d'estudi fins ben entrat el segle XIX. De manera independent, en algunes càtedres d'Anatomia Patològica es va començar a explicar les bases de la nova ciència. La investigació bacteriològica es va realitzar, en la Universitat en les càtedres d'Histologia i Anatomia Patològica, i fora d'ella, en laboratoris privats, instituts de vacunació i escoles lliures de medicina. //. Se estudia la legislación y las instituciones bacteriológicas del siglo XIX. La Microbiología estuvo unida a la Higiene en los planes de estudio hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX. De forma inde…