Search results for " Vectors"

How do freshwater organisms cross the “dry ocean”? A review on passive dispersal and colonization processes with a special focus on temporary ponds

2014

Lakes and ponds are scattered on Earth’s surface as islands in the ocean. The organisms inhabiting these ecosystems have thus developed strategies to pass the barrier represented by the surrounding land, to disperse and to colonize new environments. The evidences of a high potential for passive long-range dispersal of organisms producing resting stages inspired the idea that there were no real barriers to their actual dispersal, and that their distribution was only limited by the ecological characteristics of the available habitats. The development of genetic techniques allowed to criticize this view and revealed the existence of a more complex and diverse biological scenario governed by an…

BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYAMINOACID-BASED POLYCATIONS AS NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS.

2009

Non viral colloidal vectors based on polyaminoacids for gene therapy

2008

A novel cell wall protein specific to the mycelial form of Yarrowia lipolytica.

1996

A cDNA clone specifying a cell wall protein was isolated from a Yarrowia lipolytica cDNA library. The cDNA library was constructed in the expression vector lambda gt 11, with the RNA isolated from actively growing mycelial cells. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that the encoded protein contains an N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide. We have designated this protein YWP1 for Yarrowia lipolytica cell Wall Protein. Northern hybridization identified YWP1 transcript only when Y. lipolytica was growing in the mycelial form. The encoded protein seems to be covalently bound to the glucan cell wall since it is not released from the cell walls by sodium dodecyl sulphate extraction, but it is …

Altered intracellular sorting signals do not influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in mice.

2004

Background A genetic melanoma vaccine consisting of cDNA encoding the model self-antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) fused in-frame to the immunogenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was able to break immune tolerance and stimulate CD8+ T cells in vivo. In the present study we investigated whether alteration of the intracellular antigen localization as a result of the linkage with immune-enhancing helper proteins affects the resulting immune response. Methods Expression plasmids and recombinant adenoviruses were constructed encoding various fusion proteins with different intracellular sorting signals which direct the antigen to the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum or the…

Interactions related to non-host snails in the host-finding process of Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) …

2003

In order to determine whether the miracidia of Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi are sensitive to their host snail (HS) and capable of discriminating between HS and non-host snails (NHS), or whether these NHS can interfere and thus reduce the infection rates (decoy effect), a total of three experiments were conducted with HS, NHS and snail-conditioned water (SCW). Gyraulus chinensis is the HS for E. albuferensis miracidia, while Physa acuta, Radix peregra and Lymnaea fuscus are considered NHS. For E. friedi miracidia R. peregra, G. chinensis and L. fuscus are the HS, while P. acuta is the NHS. The NHS R. peregra produces the greatest decoy effect on Euparyphium albuferensis mi…

Occurrence of a sibling species complex within neotropical lymnaeids, snail intermediate hosts of fascioliasis.

2002

The delimitation of cryptic species within the genus Lymnaea, which are the main vectors of fascioliasis, remains a topic of controversy. An analysis of genetic variability based on 12 enzyme loci revealed different fixed alleles at 9 loci between two sympatric samples of Lymnaea viatrix at the type locality in Lima, Peru. The absence of heterozygotes within this locality indicates the presence of isolated populations or cryptic species within L. viatrix. Significant genetic differences were also found between these two L. viatrix samples from Lima and other populations of L. viatrix in South America and in addition to species such as L. truncatula, L. cubensis and L. columella. Moreover, t…

Uniform measure density condition and game regularity for tug-of-war games

2018

We show that a uniform measure density condition implies game regularity for all 2 < p < ∞ in a stochastic game called “tug-of-war with noise”. The proof utilizes suitable choices of strategies combined with estimates for the associated stopping times and density estimates for the sum of independent and identically distributed random vectors. peerReviewed

Influence functions and efficiencies of the canonical correlation and vector estimates based on scatter and shape matrices

2006

In this paper, the influence functions and limiting distributions of the canonical correlations and coefficients based on affine equivariant scatter matrices are developed for elliptically symmetric distributions. General formulas for limiting variances and covariances of the canonical correlations and canonical vectors based on scatter matrices are obtained. Also the use of the so-called shape matrices in canonical analysis is investigated. The scatter and shape matrices based on the affine equivariant Sign Covariance Matrix as well as the Tyler's shape matrix serve as examples. Their finite sample and limiting efficiencies are compared to those of the Minimum Covariance Determinant estima…

Reviewing lymnaeid vectors of fascioliasis by ribosomal DNA sequence analyses.

2005

AbstractSnails of the family Lymnaeidae are of great parasitological importance due to the numerous helminth species they transmit, mainly trematodiases (such as fascioliasis) of considerable medical and veterinary impact. The present knowledge of the genetics and host–parasite relationships of this gastropod group is far from adequate. Fascioliasis is caused by two species, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which, as in the case of other trematodes, show a marked snail host specificity. Many lymnaeid species involved in fascioliasis transmission still show a confused systematic-taxonomic status. The need for tools to distinguish and characterize species and populations of lymnaeids is ev…