Search results for " barrier"
showing 10 items of 540 documents
How Glutamate Is Managed by the Blood-Brain Barrier
2016
A facilitative transport system exists on the blood brain barrier (BBB) that has been tacitly assumed to be a path for glutamate entry to brain. But glutamate is a non-essential amino acid whose brain content is much greater than plasma, and studies in vivo show that glutamate does not enter brain in material quantities except in those small regions with fenestrated capillaries (circumventricular organs). The situation became understandable when luminal (blood facing) and abluminal (brain facing) membranes were isolated and studied separately. Facilitative transport of glutamate and glutamine exist only on the luminal membranes whereas Na+-dependent transport systems for glutamate, glutamin…
2013
Re-canalization of cerebral vessels in ischemic stroke is pivotal to rescue dysfunctional brain areas that are exposed to moderate hypoxia within the penumbra from irreversible cell death. Goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of moderate hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (MHR) on the evolution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in brain endothelial cells (BEC). BBB integrity was assessed in BEC in vitro and in microvessels of the guinea pig whole brain in situ preparation. Probes were exposed to MHR (2 hours 67-70 mmHg O2, 3 hours reoxygenation, BEC) or towards occlusion of the arteria cerebri media (MCAO) with or without subsequent repe…
Amino acid transport across each side of the blood-brain barrier.
2011
Towards a converged barrier height for the entrance channel transition state of the N(2D)+CH4 reaction and its implication for the chemistry in Titan…
2011
Abstract The N( 2 D) + CH 4 reaction appears to be a key reaction for the chemistry of Titan’s atmosphere, opening the door to nitrile formation as recently observed by the Cassini–Huygens mission. Faced to the controversy concerning the existence or not of a potential barrier for this reaction, we have carried out accurate ab initio calculations by means of multi-state multi-reference configuration interaction (MS-MR-SDCI) method. These calculations have been partially corrected for the size-consistency errors (SCE) by Davidson, Pople or AQCC corrections. We suggest a barrier height of 3.86 ± 0.84 kJ/mol, including ZPE, for the entrance transition state, in good agreement with the experime…
Effect of Pulp Pigmentation Intensity on Consumer Acceptance of New Blood Mandarins: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain and Italy
2022
One of the current objectives of different citrus breeding programmes is obtaining new pigmented mandarins. This study investigates to what extent consumer preferences, expectations and purchase intention are affected by the appearance of new mandarins, specifically pulp pigmentation intensity. Four hundred consumers from both Italy and Spain (800 in all) participated in the study. In each country, half were informed about the healthy properties of the anthocyanins responsible for red pulp colouration, while the other half were not. Italians more readily accepted new mandarin varieties than Spaniards, which was linked to them being more familiar with blood oranges. In Italy, both slight- an…
Support for culture via crowdfunding in question: beyond motivations, an analysis of the barriers to participate
2017
In a context of strong budgetary pressure for non-market cultural organizations and of relative slowdown of crowdfunding campaigns in this sector, this reflection aims to provide a critical analysis of these new forms of financial support for culture. After drawing up a state of the art on the levers and obstacles to participation in such financing operations, the results of a qualitative study based on 43 individuals (donors and non-donors, familiar or not with cultural practices) will be exposed to highlight the diversity of misgivings about crowdfunding, beyond the traditional barriers attached to cultural gift, and the paradoxes that these calls for generosity arouse.
An Ethnographic Study of Deaf Refugees Seeking Asylum in Finland
2019
Deaf asylum seekers are a marginalized group of people in refugee and forced migration studies. The aim of this paper is to explore and highlight the experiences of deaf asylum seekers in the asylum procedure in Finland. The data come from linguistic ethnographic methods, interviews, and ethnographic observation with 10 deaf asylum seekers. While living in the reception centers, the study participants have faced a range of linguistic and social challenges. The findings show that language barriers appeared from day one after the participants&rsquo
Oppimisen teknologiat osana oppimisen esteitä kohtaavien peruskoululaisten elämää
2017
Tieto- ja viestintäteknologia on merkittävä osa jokapäiväistä elämäämme. Nämä teknologiat ovat löytäneet tiensä kouluihin myös Suomessa, ja erilaisia oppimisen teknologioita onkin otettu ahkerasti käyttöön ympäri maata. Teknologian integroiminen osaksi opetusta ei kuitenkaan aina suju täysin ongelmitta. Laitteiden käytössä saattaa ilmetä ongelmia, ja vaikka infrastruktuuri teknologian käytölle olisikin olemassa, ovat verkkoyhteydet paikoitellen epävakaita. Näiden ongelmien kanssa painivat sekä opettajat että oppilaat. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia oppimisen teknologioiden vaikutuksia erityisesti oppimisen esteitä kohtaavien oppilaiden oppimiseen. Oppimisen esteitä, kuten erilaisi…
Dyskurs instytucjonalny w Polsce - dobre i złe praktyki komunikacyjne
2016
W niniejszym szkicu interesuje mnie językowy wymiar użycia władzy w polskim urzędzie. Chcę pokazać zarówno dobre, jak i złe praktyki komunikacyjne, wskazać, jak zmieniały się (i zmieniają nadal) pod wpływem nowych okoliczności społeczno-politycznych i technologicznych. Ponieważ dyskurs nstytucjonalny jest bardzo wrażliwy na czynniki pozajęzykowe, duży wpływ na działania podmiotu instytucjonalnego ma zarówno kontekst polityczny, jak i kulturowo-cywilizacyjny. Artykuł zawiera omówienie szeregu nadal istniejących barier komunikacyjnych oraz wskazuje inicjatywy działań naprawczych w zakresie poprawienia jakości komunikacji instytucjonalnej (Europejski Kodeks Dobrej Administracji, Kongres Języka…
How to improve communication with deaf children in the dental clinic
2007
It may be difficult for hearing-impaired people to communicate with people who hear. In the health care area, there is often little awareness of the communication barriers faced by the deaf and, in dentistry, the attitude adopted towards the deaf is not always correct. A review is given of the basic rules and advice given for communicating with the hearing-impaired. The latter are classified in three groups ? lip-readers, sign language users and those with hearing aids. The advice given varies for the different groups although the different methods of communication are often combined (e.g. sign language plus lip-reading, hearing-aids plus lip-reading). Treatment of hearing-impaired children…