Search results for " barrier"
showing 10 items of 540 documents
Immigrants Psychopathology: Emerging Phenomena and Adaptation of Mental Health Care Setting by Native Language.
2018
Mental health of immigrants is an important social and clinical issue. Immigrants may report higher rates of mental disorders and lower levels of use of mental health service with respect to natives. The aim of the present work is to review recent findings of the psychopathology of immigrants and analyze how to adapt the mental care settings through the use of mother tongues. We searched the literature to individuate and review the most recent scientific articles focused on the psychopathology of immigrants realized in Europe. Moreover, we summarized the guidelines about immigrants mental health care and we focused on the barriers caused by language. We individuated 15 papers reporting data…
Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Cortisol transport through MDCK and MDCK-MDR1 cells as blood-brain barrier in vitro model.
2011
Abstract Transport across the blood–brain barrier is a relevant factor in the pharmacological action of many drugs and endogenous substances whose action site is located in brain. An overactive P-gp has been suggested to be of relevance for the resistance of the HPA system to be suppressed by glucocorticoids, which is one of the best described biological abnormalities in certain types of depression. PUFA acids have shown clinical efficacy in depressed patients and the hypothesis is that these compounds are able to reduce HPA axis activity as this effect has been shown in animal models of depression. The objective of the present work was (1) to characterize Cortisol transport through MDCK an…
CRP-induced levels of oxidative stress are higher in brain than aortic endothelial cells
2010
C-reactive protein (CRP) has been demonstrated to induce blood-brain barrier disruption (BBB) involving NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent oxidative stress. It is unclear why CRP affects the BBB and not other vascular beds following stroke. Therefore we examined CRP receptor and NAD(P)H-oxidase expression levels in bovine brain- (BEC) and aortic endothelial cells. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein measurements revealed significantly higher CRP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BEC. Protein expression of the CRP-receptors CD16, CD32 and of the NAD(P)H-oxidase subunit p22phox were also significantly higher in BEC. In conclusion BEC show a higher vulnerability to CRP due to increased levels of C…
Mechanisms of C-reactive protein-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.
2009
Background and Purpose— Increased mortality after stroke is associated with brain edema formation and high plasma levels of the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to examine whether CRP directly affects blood–brain barrier stability and to analyze the underlying signaling pathways. Methods— We used a cell coculture model of the blood–brain barrier and the guinea pig isolated whole brain preparation. Results— We could show that CRP at clinically relevant concentrations (10 to 20 μg/mL) causes a disruption of the blood–brain barrier in both approaches. The results of our study further demonstrate CRP-induced activation of surface Fcγ receptors CD16/32 fo…
Fresh cell therapy followed by fatal coma
1986
A 60-year-old woman received a 3-day course of nine injections of “fresh” cells from fetal lamb ovary, placenta, brain (hypothalamus) and liver. There were no immediate complications, but a few days later she developed headache, fever and hemiparesis. She subsequently fell into a coma and died 3 weeks after her fresh cell therapy and 2 weeks after the onset of her clinical symptoms. Autopsy revealed perivenous leucoencephalopathy with a probably steroid-treatment-induced paucity of perivascular inflammation. Fresh cell therapy, clinical symptomatology and morphological findings suggest, though do not prove, that this patient's monophasic and probably immune-mediated disease is a rare and fa…
Addition of NMDA-receptor antagonist MK801 during oxygen/glucose deprivation moderately attenuates the upregulation of glucose uptake after subsequen…
2011
During stroke the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is damaged which can result in vasogenic brain edema and inflammation. The reduced blood supply leads to decreased delivery of oxygen and glucose to affected areas of the brain. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) can cause upregulation of glucose uptake of brain endothelial cells. In this letter, we investigated the influence of MK801, a non-competitive inhibitor of the NMDA-receptor, on the regulation of the glucose uptake and of the main glucose transporters glut1 and sglt1 in murine BBB cell line cerebEND during OGD. mRNA expression of glut1 was upregulated 68.7- fold after 6 h OGD, which was significantly reduced by 10 μM MK801 to 28.9-fold.…
Effect of the serum from multiple sclerosis patients on an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier.
2008
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by focal inflammatory demyelination, largely due to autoimmune responses against different components of the myelin sheet. It is also generally accepted that the pathogenesis of MS consists of inflammatory and neurodegenerative phases, where demyelination should produce partially reversible clinical deficits that can remit, due to limited remyelination, while axonal degeneration produces permanent non-remitting clinical damage. It is also assumed that nervous system inflammation is initiated by autoreactive, myelin-specific T cells that permeate the blood-brain barrier and trigger a series of events leading to tissue destruction. In addition to antib…
Comparison of the acute effects of anti-TNF-alpha drugs on a uveitis experimental model.
2010
To compare histopathological and biochemical effects of the anti-TNF-alpha drugs adalimumab and infliximab in a uveitis experimental model.Histopathological evaluation was performed 24 h after endotoxin (200 microg into the footpad) and drug administration, as well as biochemical analysis of oxidative stress-related markers in the aqueous humor.Severe inflammation was found in rat anterior chamber of the eye 24 h after endotoxin. Only infliximab administration partially prevented the endotoxin-induced disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier, as well as the increase in Rantes and MCP-1 concentration in aqueous humor. Both drugs ameliorated the histopathological score after endotoxin. Biochem…
Lymphatic vessels of the dura mater: a new discovery?
2015
Aspelund et al. discover the presence of a lymphatic vessel network in the dura mater of the mouse brain and show that these dural lymphatic vessels are important for the clearance of macromolecules from the brain.