Search results for " behavior"

Evolutionary history of two cryptic species of northern African jerboas

2020

Abstract Background: Climatic variation and geologic change both play significant roles in shaping species distributions, thus affecting their evolutionary history. In Sahara-Sahel, climatic oscillations shifted the desert extent during the Pliocene-Pleistocene interval, triggering the diversification of several species. Here, we investigated how these biogeographical and ecological events have shaped patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in African Jerboas, desert specialist rodents. We focused on two sister and cryptic species, Jaculus jaculus and J. hirtipes, where we (1) evaluated their genetic differentiation, (2) reconstructed their evolutionary and demographic history; (3) tes…

Gaining Insight into Exclusive and Common Transcriptomic Features Linked to Drought and Salinity Responses across Fruit Tree Crops

2020

The present study aimed at identifying and mapping key genes expressed in root tissues involved in drought and salinity tolerance/resistance conserved among different fruit tree species. Twenty-six RNA-Seq samples were analyzed from six published studies in five plant species (Olea europaea, Vitis riparia Michx, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus persica, Phoenix dactylifera). This meta-analysis used a bioinformatic pipeline identifying 750 genes that were commonly modulated in three salinity studies and 683 genes that were commonly regulated among three drought studies, implying their conserved role in resistance/tolerance/response to these environmental stresses. A comparison was done on the genes th…

Experience and dominance in fish pairs jointly shape parasite avoidance behaviour

2018

There is increasing evidence that the composition of a social group influences the fitness of its members. For example, group member identities can determine the exposure risk to contact-transmitted parasites and consequently impact the health of all group members. Here, we propose that group composition may also affect host exposure to parasite propagules prevailing in the environment via collective parasite avoidance behaviours. We explored the spatial avoidance of a trematode parasite, Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, using the simplest form of host groups, pairs of sea trout, Salmo trutta trutta. These pairs showed either (1) between-group heterogeneity in their experience with the parasit…

Hierarchical networks of food exchange in the black garden ant Lasius niger

2020

In most eusocial insects, the division of labour results in relatively few individuals foraging for the entire colony. Thus, the survival of the colony depends on its efficiency in meeting the nutritional needs of all its members. Here, we characterise the network topology of a eusocial insect to understand the role and centrality of each caste in this network during the process of food dissemination. We constructed trophallaxis networks from 34 food-exchange experiments in black garden ants (Lasius niger). We tested the influence of brood and colony size on (i) global indices at the network level (i.e. efficiency, resilience, centralisation and modularity) and (ii) individual values (i.e. …

Adaptation of a tropical butterfly to a temperate climate

2017

Can we rely on selected genetic markers for population identification? Evidence from coastal Atlantic cod

2018

Abstract The use of genetic markers under putative selection in population studies carries the potential for erroneous identification of populations and misassignment of individuals to population of origin. Selected markers are nevertheless attractive, especially in marine organisms that are characterized by weak population structure at neutral loci. Highly fecund species may tolerate the cost of strong selective mortality during early life stages, potentially leading to a shift in offspring genotypes away from the parental proportions. In Atlantic cod, recent genetic studies have uncovered different genotype clusters apparently representing phenotypically cryptic populations that coexist i…

Can multiple-model mimicry explain warning signal polymorphism in the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)?

2018

Toxicity of five Cry proteins against the insect pest Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae).

2019

Abstract The beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) causes severe post-harvest losses in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Under laboratory conditions, the susceptibility of A. obtectus to five coleopteran-specific Cry toxic proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, Cry3Aa, Cry7Ab, and Cry23/37) was evaluated. After 30 days exposure, Cry proteins demonstrated high activity against A. obtectus adults (100% mortality). Proteins showed statistical differences in toxicity parameters compared to the control treatment, but the parameters were similar among them, and indicated that the final toxic effects can be observed after the 24th day. The toxic effects on A. obtectus larvae we…

Rapid adaptation to high temperatures in Chironomus riparius

2018

AbstractEffects of seasonal or daily temperature variation on fitness and physiology of ectothermic organisms and their ways to cope with such variations have been widely studied. However, the way multivoltines organisms cope with temperature variations from a generation to another is still not well understood and complex to identify. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the multivoltine midgeChironomus ripariusMeigen (1803) responds mainly via acclimation as predicted by current theories, or if rapid genetic adaptation is involved. To investigate this issue, a common garden approach has been applied. A mix of larvae from five European populations was raised in the laboratory at …

A Migratory Divide Among Red-Necked Phalaropes in the Western Palearctic Reveals Contrasting Migration and Wintering Movement Strategies

2019

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