Search results for " blood flow"
showing 10 items of 305 documents
Changes in the cerebrovascular effects of endothelin-1 and nicardipine after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.
1993
The role of endothelium-related factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has gained interest since the discovery of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We have examined, before and after SAH, the responsiveness of the cerebrovascular bed of the goat to ET-1, the sources of Ca2+ in ET-1-induced responses, and the ability of the Ca2+ entry blocker nicardipine to counteract them. Before SAH, injection of ET-1 into the cerebral circulation increased cerebrovascular resistance, thereby producing dose-dependent reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which were prevented by nicardipine. In isolated middle cerebral arteries, ET-1 induced concentration-dependent contr…
Effect of Intra-Arterial Infusion of Papaverine Hydrochloride on Brain Tissue Oxygen Pressure in the Management of Severe Vasospasm Following Aneurys…
2001
Despite considerable advances in diagnostic, surgical and interventional techniques, the overall outcome for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains poor. Concerning perioperative course, cerebral ischaemia is one of the major factors causing secondary brain demage. The aim of all therapeutic interventions is the stabilization and maintance of cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation in order to prevent cerebral ischaemia and consecutively brain infarction [1].
Autonomic Effects on the Skin
2009
Effect of arterial oxygen tension on cerebral blood flow at different levels of arterial PCO2.
1970
Die Wirkung des arteriellen O2-Partialdruckes auf die Durchblutung des Grosshirns, Kleinhirns und Hirnstammes bei normalen und erhohten CO2-Partialdrucken im arteriellen Blut wird an der anaesthesierten Katze untersucht. Die Wirkung des PaO2 ist von der Hohe des PaCO2 abhangig.
Effect of aspirin on renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. T…
2017
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. It has been estimated that the annual decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with T2DM is approximately 2.0-2.5 mL min−1 y−1. Cyclooxygenase-dependent eicosanoids, such as 11-dehydro-thromboxane (Tx)B2, are increased in T2DM patients and are potentially involved in the regulation of renal blood flow. Animal models showed that cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as aspirin, are associated with improvements in renal plasma flow and eGFR values. Hypothesis The primary end point of the LEDA trial is to evaluate the 1-year decline of eGFR in T2DM pa…
Hyperventilation in Adult TBI Patients: How to Approach It?
2021
Hyperventilation is a commonly used therapy to treat intracranial hypertension (ICTH) in traumatic brain injury patients (TBI). Hyperventilation promotes hypocapnia, which causes vasoconstriction in the cerebral arterioles and thus reduces cerebral blood flow and, to a lesser extent, cerebral blood volume effectively, decreasing temporarily intracranial pressure. However, hyperventilation can have serious systemic and cerebral deleterious effects, such as ventilator-induced lung injury or cerebral ischemia. The routine use of this therapy is therefore not recommended. Conversely, in specific conditions, such as refractory ICHT and imminent brain herniation, it can be an effective life-savin…
18F-FDG PET for breast cancer : combined analysis of tumour perfusion and metabolism for tumour characterisation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy respons…
2020
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a common treatment in patients with locally advanced or large breast cancer at diagnosis. A pathological complete response (pCR) at the end of NAC is recognized as a good surrogate marker of relapse-free survival. An early identification of the pathological response has then become a key parameter to monitor new therapeutic strategies. Studies, focusing on predictive biomarkers identification, have shown that early changes in tumour metabolism, assessed by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 2-desoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG), allow the early assessment of the pathological response at the end of treatment. However, given the diversity of breast …
The Role of Early Revascularization and Biomarkers in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Single Center Experience
2022
Diabetic neuropathy and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are the main etiological factors in foot ulceration. Herein, we report our experience of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) management, with an analysis of the relationship between the rate of lower extremity amputation, in persons with infected DFU, after revascularization procedures performed to prevent major amputation. This study highlights the role of different biomarkers, showing their usefulness and potentiality in diabetic foot ulcer management, especially for the early diagnosis and therapy effectiveness monitoring. A retrospective analysis, from September 2016 to January 2021, of diabetic patients presenting diabetic foot with …
Numerical modeling of blood flow in the internal jugular vein with the use of computational fluid mechanics software.
2021
ObjectivesTo determine the site and nature of altered hemodynamics in pathological internal jugular veins.MethodWith the use of computational fluid mechanics software we simulated blood flow in 3 D models of the internal jugular veins that exhibited different morphologies, including nozzle-like strictures in their upper parts and valves in the lower parts.ResultsIn a majority of models with nozzle-like strictures, especially those positioned asymmetrically, abnormal flow pattern was revealed, with significant flow separation and regions with reversed flow. Abnormal valves had no significant impact on flow in a case of already altered flow evoked by stricture in upper part of the vein.Conclu…
Tissue Oxygenation in Normal and Edematous Brain Cortex During Arterial Hypocapnia
1984
Since arterial hypocapnia causes a cerebral blood flow decrease, hypocapnic conditions are induced in patients with severe traumatic brain injury by controlled hyperventilation in order to reduce the intracranial pressure (Gordon, 1971). Beneficial effects on the clinical course of patients, however, can be observed only under conditions of moderate hypocapnia. As shown by animal experiments severe arterial hypocapnia results in insufficient oxygen supply conditions in brain tissue (Grote et al., 1981), which subsequently influences the brain metabolism (Granholm et al., 1969, 1971) and counteracts the influence of hypocapnia on cerebral blood flow regulation (Grote et al., 1981). The prese…