Search results for " brain injury"
showing 10 items of 135 documents
Spontaneous Cortical Spreading Depression and Intracranial Pressure Following Acute Subdural Hematoma in a Rat
2012
Acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) is a frequent and devastating consequence of traumatic brain injury. Tissue damage develops rapidly and makes treatment even more difficult. Management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to extravasated blood volume and brain swelling is often insufficient to control all adverse effects of ASDH. In addition to sheer volume, spontaneously triggered cortical spreading depression (CSD) that leads to cell death following ischemia or trauma may contribute to injury development after ASDH. Therefore, we explored the occurrence of CSD by tissue impedance (IMP) measurement in a rat model subjected to ASDH. IMP and intraventricular and mean arterial pressur…
Utilization of mechanical power and associations with clinical outcomes in brain injured patients: a secondary analysis of the extubation strategies …
2023
Background: There is insufficient evidence to guide ventilatory targets in acute brain injury (ABI). Recent studies have shown associations between mechanical power (MP) and mortality in critical care populations. We aimed to describe MP in ventilated patients with ABI, and evaluate associations between MP and clinical outcomes. Methods: In this preplanned, secondary analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study (ENIO, NCT03400904), we included adult patients with ABI (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 12 before intubation) who required mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ 24 h. Using multivariable log binomial regressions, we separately assessed associations between MP on hospital day (H…
Role of neurorehabilitative treatment using transcranial magnetic stimulation in disorders of consciousness
2021
Disorders of consciousness (DOC) result from brain injuries that cause functional changes in vigilance, awareness and behaviour. It is important to correctly diagnose DOC so that the most appropriate rehabilitation treatments can be initiated. Several studies in DOC patients have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has an important role to play in the recovery of consciousness as highlighted by monitoring clinical scale scores. Although studies indicate that rTMS can be used to aid recovery, it is not combined with other rehabilitative cognitive treatments. As of December 2018, there have been no studies published that combined DOC cognitive rehabilitation…
Acute Subdural Hematoma in Pigs: Role of Volume on Multiparametric Neuromonitoring and Histology
2008
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often complicated by acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind such an injury type and the contribution of blood to the extent of an injury remain poorly understood. Therefore, the goals of this study were to establish a porcine ASDH model in order to investigate pathomechanisms of ASDH and to compare effects induced by blood or sheer volume. Thus, we infused 2, 5, and 9 mL of blood (up to 15% of intracranial volume), and we compared a 5-mL blood and paraffin oil volume to separate out effects of extravasated blood on brain tissue. An extended neuromonitoring was applied that lasted up to 12 h after …
Impaired Self-Awareness and Denial During the Postacute Phases After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
2020
While a number of empirical studies have appeared on impaired self-awareness (ISA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) over the last 20 years, the relative role of denial (as a psychological method of coping) has typically not been addressed in these studies. We propose that this failure has limited our understanding of how ISA and denial differentially affect efforts to rehabilitate persons with TBI. In this selective review paper, we summarize early findings in the field and integrate those findings with more recent observations (i.e., 1999-2019). We believe that this synthesis of information and expert clinical opinion will inform future research on ISA and denial as well as approaches to…
Cisternostomy: A Timely Intervention in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries: Rationale, Indications, and Prospects.
2019
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health concern worldwide, with no significant change in its epidemiology over the last 30 years. After TBI, the primary injury induces irreversible brain damage, which is untreatable. The subsequent secondary injury plays a critical role in the clinical prognosis because without effective treatment it will provide additional tissue damage. The resulting scenario is the rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) with the development of progressive neurological deficits. Current optimal management is based on a progressive, target-driven approach combining both medical and surgical treatment strategies among which is decompressive hemicraniectom…
Neuroimaging for the anesthesiologist.
2007
Neuroimaging is essential in the treatment of cerebral nervous system disorders or in patients in the ICU with deterioration of their neurologic function. Leading clinical symptoms are acute neurologic deficits with different stages of hemisymptomatology, primary or progressing loss of consciousness or vigilance deficit, focal or generalized seizures, sometimes combined with an acute respiratory or circulatory insufficiency. The resulting questions can be summarized in those of intracranial space occupying hemorrhage; acute infarction; and signs for reduced cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular vasospasm, or intracranial mass. Recent evolutions in imaging have contributed to an increase in d…
Modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis by Nano-Pulsed Laser Therapy
Neurogenesis is a physiological process through which new neurons are generated and it occurs throughout life, subverting the old dogma stating to the inability of the adult brain to replace neurons. Specifically, neurogenesis take place thanks to the presence of neuronal stem cells (NSCs) located in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Data present in the literature demonstrate that neurogenesis in the hippocampus decreases during aging and it is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a chronic disease that oc…
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Val66Met) polymorphism does not influence recovery from a post-traumatic vegetative state: a blinded retrospective…
2012
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that influences neuronal plasticity throughout life. Emergence from a vegetative state (VS) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) implies that the brain undergoes plastic changes. A common polymorphism in the BDNF gene—BDNF Val66Met (referred to herein as BDNFMet)—impairs cognitive function in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to determine whether the BDNFMet polymorphism plays a role in the recovery of consciousness and cognitive functions in patients in a VS after a TBI. Fifty-three patients in a VS 1 month after a TBI were included in the study and genotyped for the BDNFMet polymorphism. Scores of levels of cognitive fun…