Search results for " budget"
showing 10 items of 186 documents
The Introduction of the “Balanced Budget” Principle into the Italian Constitution: What Perspectives for the Financial Autonomy of Regional and Local…
2013
This paper analyses the impact on regional and local authorities of Articles 117 and 119 of the Italian Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law no. 1/2012. In particular, it attempts to verify whether the new formulation of these constitutional provisions materializes the risk of a significant reduction in the financial autonomy of both Regions and Local Governments. With the constitutional reform the legislative competence of “harmonization of public account” has become an exclusive State competence, the “balanced budget” principle has been extended to Regions and local authorities and public borrowing has been broadly prohibited. What is the actual significance of the changes introd…
I più recenti sviluppi costituzionali del ciclo di bilancio
2023
The A. answer to a series of questions by the Director of the "Gruppo di Pisa" Journal. The questions concern the parliamentary procedure followed to enact the State Budget Law for the year 2023 (law No 197/2022). The A. debates over: the possibility to prove the evident violation of parliamentary privileges in the procedure followed by the two chambers of the Italian parliament (Const. court. orders Nos. 17/2019 and 60/2020); the impact of Next Generation EU and of NPRR over the National Budgetary procedures; the role played by the Budget Parliamentary Office (UPB) and by the State General Accounting Office in parliamentary procedures concerning the State Budget Law for the year 2023
Lo sviluppo e l’innovazione
2021
Le norme della legge di bilancio per il 2021 in materia di sviluppo e innovazione sembrano ancora legate a una logica di natura emergenziale, ponendosi in continuitàconle normative adottate nel corso del 2020 per fare fronte alle fasi più acute della crisi causata dal Covid-19, con le quali, non a caso, condividono il carattere temporaneo degli interventi. Questi si basano su incentivi ai consumi, garanzie pubbliche sui prestiti bancari e varie provvidenze da distribuire tramite fondi pubblici appositamente istituiti. Sorprende l’assenza di progetti ambiziosi per lo sviluppo economico, che avrebbero potuto essere coordinati, o costituire anticipazioni, di quelli da inserire successivamente …
Una valutazione economica completa della vaccinazione estensiva contro i rotavirus con il vaccino RIX4414 a livello nazionale e regionale in Italia
2013
Background. Vaccination of all healthy children against rotavirus (RV) has been recommended, since the availability of vaccines, both in Europe (PIDJ) and Italy (pediatricians). The aims of universal vaccination against RV include the protection of children against moderate/severe gastroenteritis forms by RV (GARV), prevent hospitalizations, reduce the severity and duration of the disease, and reduce morbidity and socio- economic costs. Payers need to informed regarding the efficacy and the healthcare utilization related to RV vaccination in order to decide in favour of its extensive implementation. The aim of this paper is to assess the clinical and financial impact of the extensive vaccin…
Scritti in onore di Pellegrino Capaldo
2014
La qualità dei servizi è stata riconosciuta come un rilevante aspetto caratterizzante la performance dell’azienda pubblica, analogamente alla capacità di operare secondo criteri di efficienza e nel rispetto dei vincoli di bilancio. Sebbene sia possibile riscontrare alcuni significativi casi di adozione di politiche di customer satisfaction nelle amministrazioni pubbliche italiane, a tutt’oggi il tema presenta significative criticità, specialmente in ordine agli aspetti metodologici e agli strumenti operativi che consentano di integrare dette politiche nel sistema di programmazione e controllo delle aziende che erogano tali servizi. Il presente lavoro adotta una diversa prospettiva di analis…
Simultaneous harvest-and-transmit ambient backscatter communications under Rayleigh fading
2019
Ambient backscatter communications is an emerging paradigm and a key enabler for pervasive connectivity of low-powered wireless devices. It is primarily beneficial in the Internet of things (IoT) and the situations where computing and connectivity capabilities expand to sensors and miniature devices that exchange data on a low power budget. The premise of the ambient backscatter communication is to build a network of devices capable of operating in a battery-free manner by means of smart networking, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and power management at the granularity of individual bits and instructions. Due to this innovation in communication methods, it is essential to investigat…
Steam and gas emission rate from La Soufriere volcano, Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles): implications for the magmatic and hydrothermal fluid supply duri…
2014
Since its last magmatic eruption in 1530 AD, La Soufrière andesitic volcano in Guadeloupe has displayed intense hydrothermal activity and six phreatic eruptive crises. Here we report on the first direct quantification of gas plume emissions from its summit vents,which gradually intensified during the past 20 years. Gas fluxes were determined in March 2006 and March 2012 by measuring the horizontal and vertical distributions of volcanic gas concentrations in the air-diluted plume and scaling to the speed of plume transport. Fluxes in 2006 combine realtime measurements of volcanic H2S concentrations and plume parameters with the composition of the hot (108.5 °C) fumarolic fluid at exit. Fluxe…
A New Method for the Price Determination of the Reactive Power Supply
2006
This paper addresses the development of an accurate model for the pricing of reactive power supply as an ancillary service. Reactive power supply is one of the most important ancillary services in the field of transmission systems security. The present work is focused on building a reactive power market at which the Distributors can also take part in injecting reactive power at the connected HV/MV nodes. The authors have studied the particular case of the reactive power supplied by sub-transmission or distribution networks, connected to the nodes of the transmission system. The aim of this work is to establish a reactive power price by crossing demand and offer curves.
Combined effects of thermal conditions and food availability on thermal tolerance of the marine bivalve, Perna viridis
2018
Abstract Organisms can mitigate the effects of long term variation in environmental conditions through acclimation, which involves changes in various physiological responses. To elucidate the possible effects of temperature and food concentrations on acclimation capacity, physiological responses of the mussel, Perna viridis, were measured after individuals were held for six weeks under varying temperatures and food availability. Warm-acclimated mussels experiencing higher food levels had significantly greater upper thermal limits than those maintained on lower food levels. In contrast, the upper thermal limits of cold-acclimated mussels were not affected by food levels. For warm-acclimated …
Teacher Stress over a School Year
1986
Abstract: Makinen, R. & Kinnunen, U. 1986. Teacher Stress over a School Year. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 30, 55‐70. The accumulation of and recovery from stress among teachers was studied longitudinally over a period of 14 months. Variables related to psychological state and health together with hours of work, free time and night time rest, and the quality of interpersonal relations were measured repeatedly (17 times) in a group of 187 teachers. The results indicate accumulation of stress during the autumn term with the result that weekend recovery disappears in November‐December. The Christmas, mid‐winter and Easter holidays seem to prevent stress accumulation during the …