Search results for " cere"

Biophysics of venous return from the brain from the perspective of the pathophysiology of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

2011

This article discusses the biophysical aspects of venous outflow from the brain in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. Blood flows out of the brain differently, depending on body position. In the supine position it flows out mainly through internal jugular veins, while in the upright position it uses the vertebral veins. This phenomenon is probably not due to the active regulation of the flow but instead results from the collapse of jugular veins when the head is elevated. Such a collapse is associated with a significant increase in flow resistance, which leads to redirection of the flow towards the vertebral pathway. Theoretical calculations…

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis: A commentary

2010

A rare case of ruptured aneurysm of the paramedian artery of Percheron.

2018

Introduction The artery of Percheron is a rare anatomic variant supplying bilateral medial thalamic nuclei and a variable portion of the rostral part of midbrain. Case report A 48-year-old female with massive subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm of the paramedian artery of Percheron presented to the emergency room. Because of significant risk of recurrent intracranial hemorrhage, it was decided to proceed with endovascular embolization of the aneurysm. The patient was ultimately sent to a rehabilitation center and her presenting neurologic deficits showed significant improvements in the weeks following endovascular embolization treatment. Discussion The paramedian artery of Pe…

Endothelial modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction in goat cerebral arteries.

1993

Abstract 1. 1. In isolated goat middle cerebral artery segments, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 −8 −3 × 10 −5 M) caused concentration-dependent contractions, with EC 50 = 2.1 (1.9−2.5) × 10 −7 M and E max = 60 ± 2% of 50 mM KCl-induced contraction. 2. 2. Mechanical removal of endothelium significantly increased the E max (91 ± 8%) and did not change the EC 50 value of 5-HT-elicited contractions. 3. 3. Incubation of unrubbed arteries with the irreversible inhibitor of EDRF, gossypol (10 −5 M), significantly increased the contractile response to 5-HT ( E max = 77 ± 4%). 4. 4. Incubation of unrubbed arteries with the competitive inhibitor of the NO synthesis, N G -nitro - l -arginine (L-NOARG) …

Stroke and cardiac arrhythmias.

2001

Stroke is frequently followed by electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the global incidence of these changes after ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, but it focused on cardiac arrhythmias. In ischemic strokes, these were correlated with the side of the lesion(s). The study was retrospective, and 450 patients (out of 971 examined) were entered in the study based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) "completed" stroke (352 ischemic and 98 hemorrhagic), (2) ECG on admission, and (3) at least 1 previous ECG. We also examined 71 patients with carotid or vertebro-basilar transient ischemic attacks (TIA). As controls, 71 patients suffering from nonvascu…

Recommendations for Multimodal Noninvasive and Invasive Screening for Detection of Extracranial Venous Abnormalities Indicative of Chronic Cerebrospi…

2014

Under the auspices of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD), four expert panel committees were created from the ISNVD membership between 2011 and 2012 to determine and standardize noninvasive and invasive imaging protocols for detection of extracranial venous abnormalities indicative of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). The committees created working groups on color Doppler ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, catheter venography (CV), and intravascular US. Each group organized a workshop focused on its assigned imaging modality. Non-ISNVD members from other societies were invited to contribute to the various workshops. More than 60 neuro…

Calcification of the intracranial carotid artery and its relation to the clinical and angiographic picture: an angiographic classification of asterio…

1968

Fifty six patients with arteriosclerosis cerebri confirmed by X-rays examinations were clinically and angiographically studied. Calcifications of the carotid artery were found predominantly in human beings between the ages of 55 and 65 and more often among men than among women, the proportion being 2.5 to 1. Nearly all arteriosclerotic patients with calcium deposits in the carotid artery showed several neurological and mental deficits, the most frequent initial symptoms being motor disturbances. Angiographic anormalities found in these patients can be classed into 3 groups: (a) grade I— wavy course of the cerebral vessels, small number of peripheral brain vessels, formation of small knots, …

Possible Adverse Effects of Hyperventilation on rCBF during the Acute Phase of Total Proximal Occlusion of a Main Cerebral Artery

1969

Recent studies seem to favor a beneficial effect of hyperventilation (HV) in cases of cerebrovascular occlusion [1, 4] and brain trauma [2, 5]. On the other hand, it seems that, at least under certain circumstances, HV may exert an adverse effect upon cerebral blood flow and metabolism [3]. Since this question is not settled yet, it seems worthwhile to report briefly the present case of reversible total occlusion of the middle cerebral artery closely followed by successive rCBF studies (133Xe-gamma-clearance method), in which, during the acute phase, HV caused a latent ischemia to become manifest.

Take the wind out your salis: relationship among energy drink abuse, hypertension, and break-up of cerebral aneurysm

2011

Vasomotor reactivity in dementia of alzheimer type

1994

The objective of this study was to examine the cerebral blood flow and the vasomotor function of CO2-responsive intracerebral vessels in Alzheimer's disease. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type and had neither symptoms nor signs of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Blood flow velocities in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were recorded using transcranial Doppler sonography during hypercapnia, normocapnia and hypocapnia. Several psychometric tests were performed. Patients' age, disease duration and severity of dementia did not correlate with vasomotor reactivity. Exploratory analysis revealed that mean flow velocities under hypercapnia correlated with s…