Search results for " colon"
showing 10 items of 718 documents
Bone marrow-derived progenitors are greatly reduced in patients with severe COPD and low-BMI.
2009
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have reduced circulating hemopoietic progenitors. We hypothesized that severity of COPD parallels the decrease in progenitors and that the reduction in body mass index (BMI) could be associated with more severe bone marrow dysfunction. We studied 39 patients with moderate to very severe COPD (18 with low-BMI and 21 with normal-BMI) and 12 controls. Disease severity was associated to a greater reduction in circulating progenitors. Proangiogenetic and inflammatory markers correlated with disease severity parameters. Compared to normal-BMI patients, low-BMI patients showed: greater reduction in circulating progenitors; higher VEGF-A, VEGF-C…
Photocrosslinking of dextran and polyaspartamide derivatives: a combination suitable for colon-specific drug delivery.
2007
Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize novel hydrogels with polysaccharide–polyaminoacid structure, able to undergo an enzymatic hydrolysis in the colon and potentially useful for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Starting materials were methacrylated dextran (DEX-MA) and methacrylated α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)- dl -aspartamide (PHM). These polymers were photocrosslinked by exposure of their aqueous solutions at 313 nm without photoinitiators. Different samples, shaped as microparticles, were obtained as a function of polymer concentration and irradiation time. FT-IR analysis confirmed the occurrence of a co-crosslinking between DEX-MA and PHM in all exper…
Colonial, post-colonial, neo-colonial Mediterranean: historical, archaeological and iconographical sources for a micro-history of an uncomfortable th…
2020
Even in its most neutral meanings, the term “colonial” leads to questioning the cultural and ideological purpose of its use. This also concerns its derivatives, post-colonial and neo-colonial, whose prefixes are not to be interpreted in a merely chronological sense. This paper investigates the remote origins of a mental attitude that has resulted both in a “colonial” reading of some phenomena and in a post-colonial new interpretation. The aim is to highlight the common cultural bases of these two very different conceptions (in theory opposite and non-superimposable). Also, the interpretations which are apparently far from imperialism are not totally immune from the danger of a form of racis…
Role of the microbiota in the defense against infections by Enterococci
2017
Resumen de la Tesis : “Role of the microbiota in the defense against infections by Enterococci” Introducción El tracto gastrointestinal está colonizado por centenares de especies de bacterias comensales. Se ha visto en los últimos años que dichas bacterias presentan un papel crucial en la prevención y resolución de enfermedades infecciosas. La microbiota comensal inhibe a patógenos oportunistas mediante mecanismos (i) de interacción directa, por producción de sustancias inhibitorias o competición por nutrientes (ii) indirectos, por la inducción del sistema inmune. El tratamiento con antibióticos altera la composición de la microbiota intestinal promoviendo la colonización intestinal por pat…
Smad7 controls resistance of colitogenic T cells to regulatory T cell-mediated suppression.
2008
Background & Aims Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the maintenance of the gut immune homeostasis, and an intact transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is required for their function. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the TGF-β signaling is impaired because of high expression of the inhibitory molecule Smad7. Although no intrinsic defects in Tregs function have been shown in IBD, it is still unknown whether colitogenic T cells are susceptible to Treg-mediated suppression. In this study, we have investigated whether IBD mucosal CD4+ T cells are resistant to Tregs and whether Smad7 is involved in this process. Methods IBD lamina propria mononuclear cells …
Les Statues meurent aussi? Post-musealizzazione dell'arte coloniale.
2015
Tra il 1950 e il 1953 i cineasti Chris Marker e Alain Resnais girano in Africa e in Francia il documentario Les statues meurent aussi. Commissionato dalla rivista letteraria francese «Présence africaine», il cortometraggio è in aperta polemica con Il museo immaginario della scultura mondiale di André Malraux del 1952. Marker e Resnais, al contrario dello scrittore francese, parlano di un’unità stilistica perduta reintroducendo una triplice divisione all’interno del continuum estetico-formale universale: antropologica, riguardante la separazione tra oggetto museale esposto e pratica contestuale a cui il manufatto rimanda; storica, relativa alla ferita che la colonizzazione ha inferto alle cu…
Artico nero. La lunga notte dei popoli dei ghiacci
2016
Sette storie da un Artico nero e morente, ambientate in Canada, nella Norvegia settentrionale, in Siberia, in Groenlandia: luoghi dove la distruzione di una cultura sta anticipando gli scenari peggiori. Un’analisi politica e sociale incassata nel modello romanzo-saggio. Un modo nuovo di raccontare e fare antropologia: antropofiction.
Égalité et citoyenneté en Algérie et dans les établissements français de l'Inde au milieu du XIXe siècle
2008
Dans les colonies françaises d'Algérie et des établissements de l'Inde du XIXe siècle, la société était totalement différente de celle des « quatre vieilles colonies » : elle comportait des communautés identifiables, avec des droits locaux ; les habitants étaient régis par un statut juridique déterminé en fonction de leur religion. Ces statuts personnels des indigènes – terme pris dans son sens large et non dans celui du code de l'indigénat – étaient incompatibles avec le Code civil sans adaptation. Par ailleurs, l'organisation locale, en castes pour les hindous, en tribus pour l'Algérie, étaient également bien éloignées des institutions françaises. L'acculturation juridique était donc néce…
The insufficiencies of legal assimilation for economic and social integration in the French colonies in the 19th century
2007
Communication at the Center of social History of the 20th century, University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, Malher Center, June 22-23 2001 (The legacy of Colonization and Decolonization in Europe and the Americas); The case of the inhabitants of the French colonies in 19th century shows the importance but also the insufficiency of legal assimilation for economic and social integration. The evolution of the legal statute of colored men, free, freed and slaves, reveals the assimilationnist or segregationist intent of the different regimes. The principle of colonization (preservation of the colonies, or even colonial expansion) was widely accepted in 19th century. It was not called into questi…
Ethanol promotes survival and tumor progression of colon cancer cells
2018
In the Western Countries, colon cancer is the third tumor for aggressiveness and incidence after lung and breast/prostate cancer. Different risk factors concur to the development of colon cancer, including genetic factors, inflammation, intestinal microflora composition, as well as lifestyle. Epidemiologic studies correlating alcohol consumption and assert that the risks are 5-fold higher among drinkers compared to nondrinkers. However, the exact mechanisms correlating heavy alcohol drinking and colon cancer are not completely elucidated yet. To shed light on the biochemical mechanisms through which alcohol favors colon cancer progression, we evaluated the effect of high doses of ethanol (1…