Search results for " computer simulation"

showing 10 items of 31 documents

Two-Color Radiation Generated in a Seeded Free-Electron Laser with Two Electron Beams.

2015

We present the experimental evidence of the generation of coherent and statistically stable two-color free-electron laser radiation obtained by seeding an electron beam double peaked in energy with a laser pulse single spiked in frequency. The radiation presents two neat spectral lines, with time delay, frequency separation, and relative intensity that can be accurately controlled. The analysis of the emitted radiation shows a temporal coherence and a shot-to-shot regularity in frequency significantly enhanced with respect to the self-amplified spontaneous emission. © 2015 American Physical Society. © 2015 American Physical Society.

General Physics and AstronomyColorElectronsElectronseeding FELRadiation01 natural scienceslaw.inventionPhysics and Astronomy (all)OpticsColor Computer Simulation Image Processing Computer-Assisted Spectrum Analysis Electrons LaserslawFrequency separation0103 physical sciencesElectron beams; free electron lasers; physicsImage Processing Computer-AssistedSpontaneous emissionComputer Simulation010306 general physicsPhysicsFEL010308 nuclear & particles physicsbusiness.industryLasersSpectrum AnalysisSettore FIS/01 - Fisica SperimentaleFree-electron laserElectron beamsSPARCLaserFEL seeding FEL lasersFree Electron Laserfree electron lasersCathode raybusinessSeeded FELphysicsCoherence (physics)Physical review letters
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An exploratory case study of interactive simulation for teaching Ecology

2016

This paper explores the effectiveness of interactive simulation for teaching a selected complex subject, Ecology, in higher education. Specifically, we carry out a lab intervention using interactive agent based simulation, to teach the complex concept of spatially-explicit predator prey interaction to undergraduate students of an advanced module: BIOU9CE (Community Ecology & Conservation Applications) at the University of Stirling. We propose use of Netlogo, an interactive agent-based simulation tool, and evaluate its effectiveness for learning and teaching of interactive simulation developed specifically for the classroom, compared with an existing, less interactive, simulation tool (R).

Higher educationinteractive computer simulationEcologyComputer scienceNetLogobusiness.industryE-learning (theory)Ecology (disciplines)05 social sciences050209 industrial relations050301 educationE-learningcase studyInteractive simulationHuman–computer interaction0502 economics and businessComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATIONecologybusiness0503 educationcomputercomputer.programming_language2016 15th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET)
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A novel framework for MR image segmentation and quantification by using MedGA

2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Image segmentation represents one of the most challenging issues in medical image analysis to distinguish among different adjacent tissues in a body part. In this context, appropriate image pre-processing tools can improve the result accuracy achieved by computer-assisted segmentation methods. Taking into consideration images with a bimodal intensity distribution, image binarization can be used to classify the input pictorial data into two classes, given a threshold intensity value. Unfortunately, adaptive thresholding techniques for two-class segmentation work properly only for images characterized by bimodal histograms. We aim at overcoming these limitations and…

ING-INF/06 - BIOINGEGNERIA ELETTRONICA E INFORMATICAAdaptive thresholding; Bimodal intensity distribution; Evolutionary computation; Image pre-processing; Magnetic Resonance imaging; Quantitative medical imagingComputer scienceAdaptive thresholdingImage ProcessingDecision MakingNeurosurgeryComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONHealth InformaticsContext (language use)Adaptive thresholding; Bimodal intensity distribution; Evolutionary computation; Image pre-processing; Magnetic Resonance imaging; Quantitative medical imaging; Algorithms; Brain Neoplasms; Computer Simulation; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Image Processing Computer-Assisted; Leiomyoma; Neurosurgery; Radiosurgery; Software; Magnetic Resonance ImagingEvolutionary computationRadiosurgeryING-INF/05 - SISTEMI DI ELABORAZIONE DELLE INFORMAZIONI030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciencesComputer-Assisted0302 clinical medicineHistogramQuantitative medical imagingmedicineImage Processing Computer-AssistedHumansSegmentationComputer SimulationHistogram equalizationmedicine.diagnostic_testLeiomyomaSettore INF/01 - Informaticabusiness.industryBrain NeoplasmsINF/01 - INFORMATICAMagnetic resonance imagingPattern recognitionImage segmentationThresholdingComputer Science ApplicationsBimodal intensity distributionImage pre-processingTransformation (function)Magnetic Resonance imagingFemaleArtificial intelligencebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryAlgorithmsSoftware
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Modelling the insect Mushroom Bodies: Application to sequence learning

2015

Learning and reproducing temporal sequences is a fundamental ability used by living beings to adapt behaviour repertoire to environmental constraints. This paper is focused on the description of a model based on spiking neurons, able to learn and autonomously generate a sequence of events. The neural architecture is inspired by the insect Mushroom Bodies (MBs) that are a crucial centre for multimodal sensory integration and behaviour modulation. The sequence learning capability coexists, within the insect brain computational model, with all the other features already addressed like attention, expectation, learning classification and others. This is a clear example that a unique neural struc…

InsectaComputer scienceCognitive NeuroscienceModels NeurologicalContext; Insect brain; Insect mushroom bodies; Learning; Neural model; Neuroscience; Spiking neurons; Algorithms; Animals; Attention; Computer Simulation; Insecta; Mushroom Bodies; Robotics; Serial Learning; Models NeurologicalContext (language use)Sensory systemSerial LearningInsect brain; Insect mushroom bodies; LearningArtificial IntelligenceLearningAnimalsAttentionComputer SimulationMushroom BodiesStructure (mathematical logic)Sequencebusiness.industryRoboticsInsect mushroom bodiesMushroom bodiesSequence learningArtificial intelligencebusinessInsect brainAlgorithmsNeural Networks
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Three-dimensional geometrical models of the liver.

2006

In this work we used a virtual approach to study the human liver by three-dimensional geometrical models. We built the models through computer aided geometric modelling techniques starting from pictures taken during both real dissections and diagnostic medical imaging. The results show in a complete modular synthesis and with a schematic iconology the structural organization of this organ in a logic sequence of layers and topographic and spatial relationship among its components. This approach represents an amazing support to clinical anatomy for teaching and research.

Liver/anatomy & histology Computer Simulation Hepatic Artery/anatomy & histology Liver Three-dimensional model
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Distributed analysis of simultaneous EEG-fMRI time-series: modeling and interpretation issues

2009

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) represent brain activity in terms of a reliable anatomical localization and a detailed temporal evolution of neural signals. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings offer the possibility to greatly enrich the significance and the interpretation of the single modality results because the same neural processes are observed from the same brain at the same time. Nonetheless, the different physical nature of the measured signals by the two techniques renders the coupling not always straightforward, especially in cognitive experiments where spatially localized and distributed effects coexist and evolve temporally at different …

MaleDefault-modeBrain activity and meditationComputer scienceinstrumentation/methodsElectroencephalographycomputer.software_genreSynchronizationComputer-AssistedModelsEEGEvoked PotentialsDefault mode networkParametric statisticsVisual CortexBrain Mappingmedicine.diagnostic_testfMRISettore MED/37 - NeuroradiologiaElectroencephalographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingPattern Recognition VisualNeurologicalVisualAdultModels NeurologicalBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsPattern RecognitionMachine learningEEG-fMRISensitivity and SpecificitymethodsImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedmedicineHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingComputer SimulationImage Interpretationbusiness.industryWorking memoryWorking memoryReproducibility of ResultsPattern recognitionAdult Brain Mapping; methods Computer Simulation Electroencephalography; methods Evoked Potentials; Visual; physiology Humans Image Interpretation; Computer-Assisted; methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging; instrumentation/methods Male Models; Neurological Pattern Recognition; physiology Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Visual Cortex; physiologyDistributed source modelingphysiologyEvoked Potentials VisualArtificial intelligencebusinessFunctional magnetic resonance imagingcomputer
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Interaction position resolution simulations and in-beam measurements of the AGATA HPGe detectors

2011

WOS: 000290082600015

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsFusion-evaporation ReactionsPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsg-ray trackingAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaMonte Carlo methodEvaporationRay tracking[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]01 natural sciencesParticle detectorNuclear physicsAGATA Fusion-evaporation reactions HPGe detectors Monte Carlo Simulation Ray tracking; Computer simulation Evaporation Monte Carlo methods Phase transitions; DetectorsHPGe Detectors0103 physical sciencesNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsInstrumentationGamma-ray TrackingPhysics010308 nuclear & particles physics4. EducationResolution (electron density)DetectorMonte Carlo SimulationMonte Carlo methodsDetectorsComputer simulationSemiconductor detectorPhase transitionsMonte Carlo SimulationsMeasuring instrumentHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentAGATAAGATABeam (structure)
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Cluster growth with long-range interactions

1996

Abstract Growth models in which the morphology depends on interactions of the type V(r) = C r n are presented. The growth algorithms are generalizations of DLA. The particles diffuse on a triangular lattice and eventually either stick to the cluster or are lost. Several processes are simulated in this way: in one case only pure sticking is taken into account, in another case evaporation and rearrangement are also allowed to occur. In the former case (with attractive interactions) the clusters exhibit a highly symmetric shape (a sixfold star) whose detailed structure depends on n , C kT , and time. In the latter case (studied with repulsive dipolar interactions) the tendency to ramification …

PhysicsMonolayersLangmuirRange (particle radiation)Condensed matter physicsRamification (botany)Metals and AlloysEvaporationSurfaces and InterfacesComputer simulationSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsClustersDipoleChemical physicsClusters Computer simulation Surface morphology MonolayersMonolayerMaterials ChemistryCluster (physics)Hexagonal latticeSurface morphology
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Amorphous silica modeled with truncated and screened Coulomb interactions: A molecular dynamics simulation study

2007

We show that finite-range alternatives to the standard long-range BKS pair potential for silica might be used in molecular dynamics simulations. We study two such models that can be efficiently simulated since no Ewald summation is required. We first consider the Wolf method, where the Coulomb interactions are truncated at a cutoff distance r_c such that the requirement of charge neutrality holds. Various static and dynamic quantities are computed and compared to results from simulations using Ewald summations. We find very good agreement for r_c ~ 10 Angstroms. For lower values of r_c, the long--range structure is affected which is accompanied by a slight acceleration of dynamic properties…

PhysicsStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)010304 chemical physicsCoulomb interactionsStructure (category theory)FOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and Astronomymolecular dynamics computer simulationYukawa interactionEwald sums01 natural sciencesMolecular physicsEwald summationAccelerationMolecular dynamicssilica0103 physical sciencesCoulombCutoffPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech]010306 general physicsPair potentialCondensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
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A nanodosimetric model of radiation-induced clustered DNA damage yields

2010

International audience; We present a nanodosimetric model for predicting the yield of double strand breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB clustered damages induced in irradiated DNA. The model uses experimental ionization cluster size distributions measured in a gas model by an ion counting nanodosimeter or, alternatively, distributions simulated by a Monte Carlo track structure code developed to simulate the nanodosimeter. The model is based on a straightforward combinatorial approach translating ionizations, as measured or simulated in a sensitive gas volume, to lesions in a DNA segment of one-two helical turns considered equivalent to the sensitive volume of the nanodosimeter. The two model paramete…

Quantitative Biology::BiomoleculesAlgorithms Computer Simulation DNA/*radiation effects DNA Breaks[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph][ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph]Genetic Monte Carlo Method Nanotechnology/instrumentation/*methods Plasmids/radiation effects Probability Protons/adverse effects Radiometry/instrumentation/*methods Reproducibility of Results Saccharomyces cerevisiae SoftwareDouble-Stranded/radiation effects DNA Damage/*radiation effects Helium/adverse effects *Models
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