Search results for " convergence."
showing 10 items of 251 documents
The London ‘Booke of Orders’: a 16th Century Civil Law Code in England
2012
Th e 16th century was the century of ‘codifi cation’ of insurance customs in Europe. Th e passage from oral knowledge to written rules entailed signifi cant changes and favoured major developments. Th is was particularly the case for England, where an insurance code was written between the late 1570s and the early 1580s. In the 16th century English mercantile customs evolved rapidly, detaching themselves from the Italian infl uence. At the same time, the increasing importance of Anglo-Dutch trade favoured the assimilation of Dutch customs into the London insurance practice. Th e fast development of English insurance customs, however, entailed signifi cant uncertainty as to the applicable ru…
The Aqua-Planet Experiment (APE): Response to Changed Meridional SST Profile
2013
This paper explores the sensitivity of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations to changes in the meridional distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations are for an aqua-planet, a water covered Earth with no land, orography or sea- ice and with specified zonally symmetric SST. Simulations from 14 AGCMs developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and climate applications are compared. Four experiments are performed to study the sensitivity to the meridional SST profile. These profiles range from one in which the SST gradient continues to the equator to one which is flat approaching the equator, all with the same maximum SST at the equator. The zonal mean circ…
Clubs de convergence et effets de débordements géographiques : une analyse spatiale sur données régionales européennes, 1980-1995
2007
Our article offers an econometric model of spatial interactions for the empirical analysis of growth in European regions over the period 1980-1995. The model detects spatial spillover effects and makes it possible to take account of the European economy’s strong polarization. More specifically, by factoring in both spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, we characterize the economic polarization pattern in European regions, identify convergence clubs, and model them as spatial regimes. We estimate a two-regime model with spatially autocorrelated errors and show that the convergence process differs between the two regimes. We find a strongly significant spatial spillover effect : …
Dimension reduction for $-Delta_1$
2012
A 3D-2D dimension reduction for $-\Delta_1$ is obtained. A power law approximation from $-\Delta_p$ as $p \to 1$ in terms of $\Gamma$- convergence, duality and asymptotics for least gradient functions has also been provided.
Od folkloru do e-folkloru, czyli przemodelowanie przez Internet przedmiotu współczesnych badań folklorystycznych
2022
The emergence of the Internet, a new electronic means of communication, initiated the process of a qualitative change in contemporary culture. This has led, among other things, to a necessary redefinition ofthe subject of folklore research and, consequently, to highlighting its anthropological dimension. That, in turn, requires first and foremost a change in the concept of orality which in itself may no longer be reduced to direct (oral) provision of content, as the virtual language, enriched with a Computer interface, creates new possibilities for using words, along with their combination with image and music (visual folklore). On the one hand, on the Internet we may observe new aspects of…
Exploring the sources of labour productivity growth and convergence in the Italian regions: some evidence from a production frontier approach
2009
This paper investigates labour productivity growth and regional convergence patterns in Italy over the time span 1982–2000. Starting from some evidence of spatial polarisation within Italian economy, the analysis aims at exploring the sources of this tendency. To this end, an approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) production frontiers is employed which allows to decompose labour productivity growth into efficiency change, technological progress and capital deepening, looking then at the relative contribution of each component to regional convergence. Moreover, some measures of human capital and public capital are used as augmentation factors of the conventional inputs. The study …
Eiropas Savienības kohēzijas politikas efektivitāte reģionālo nevienlīdzību mazināšanā Eiropas savienībā un Latvijas reģionos
2022
Maģistra darba mērķis ir novērtēt ES kohēzijas politikas efektivitāti, identificēt būtiskākos faktorus, kas ietekmē to ietekmē un pielietot izstrādāto metodiku Latvijas reģioniem. Īpašs uzsvars likts uz faktoru, kas ietekmē ES kohēzijas politikas īstenošanas efektivitāti, noteikšanu. Pielietojot daudzfaktoru lineāro regresiju, kurā vidējais IKP uz vienu iedzīvotāju pieaugums ir indikators ekonomiskai attīstībai, tika konstatēts, ka būtiskākie efektivitāti ietekmējošie faktori ir pārvaldības kvalitāte, tai skaitā, korupcijas līmenis, un bezdarba līmenis. Mazāka, bet arī nozīmīga ir iedzīvotāju skaita izmaiņu, izglītības līmeņa un sociālo aspektu ietekme. Latvijā efektivitāti mazina arī centr…
Drivers of Agglomeration: geography VS. History
2009
This paper focuses on the influence of two classical drivers of population agglomeration: geography and history. Geography is identified by two co-ordinates: coastal position and altitude. The prominence of history is also captured by two characteristics: the initial size of the municipalities, and their status as the administrative centre of the area. In first instance we examine localization patterns, at a small geographical scale, according to these characteristics and present empirical evidence of the progressive population concentration along the coast, on the plains and in the regional (provincial) capitals; a process that has not finished in the present days. Next, we show that both …
Diversity Management in Memetic Algorithms
2012
In Evolutionary Computing, Swarm Intelligence, and more generally, populationbased algorithms diversity plays a crucial role in the success of the optimization. Diversity is a property of a group of individuals which indicates how much these individuals are alike. Clearly, a group composed of individuals similar to each other is said to have a low diversity whilst a group of individuals dissimilar to each other is said to have a high diversity. In computer science, in the context of population-based algorithms the concept of diversity is more specific: the diversity of a population is a measure of the number of different solutions present, see [239].
Electromagnetic wave propagation in non-homogeneous waveguides
2015
We investigate an electromagnetic waveguide, having several cylindrical ends. The waveguide is assumed to be empty and to have a perfectly conductive boundary. We study the electromagnetic field, excited in the waveguide in the presence of charges and currents. The field can be described as a solution of the stationary Maxwell system with conductive boundary conditions and “intrinsic” radiation conditions at infinity. We prove the problem to be well-posed. Electromagnetic waves propagation in the waveguide can be described by means of a scattering matrix. We introduce such a matrix for all values of the spectral parameter k in the waveguide continuous spectrum and study its properties. Moreove…