Search results for " cooperation"

Data from: Growing up with feces: benefits of allo-coprophagy in families of the European earwig

2016

An important issue in the evolution of group living is the risk of pathogen and predator exposure entailed by the inherent accumulation of feces within a nesting site. While many group living species limit this risk by cleaning the nest, others do not, raising questions about the benefits of maintaining feces in the nest and their importance in social evolution. Here, we investigated whether one of these benefits could be mediated by coprophagy in families of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia. In this insect species, mothers and mobile juveniles (nymphs) line their nests with feces and consume them. In a first experiment, we tested whether access to feces produced by either nymphs …

Data from: Sibling cooperation in earwig families provides insights into the early evolution of social life

2013

The evolutionary transition from solitary to social life is driven by direct and indirect fitness benefits of social interactions. Understanding the conditions promoting the early evolution of social life therefore requires identification of these benefits in nonderived social systems, such as animal families where offspring are mobile and able to disperse and will survive independently. Family life is well known to provide benefits to offspring through parental care, but research on sibling interactions generally focused on fitness costs to offspring due to competitive behaviors. Here we show experimentally that sibling interactions also reflect cooperative behaviors in the form of food sh…

Exploring why global health needs are unmet by research efforts: the potential influences of geography, industry and publication incentives

2020

[Background]: It has been well established that research is not addressing health needs in a balanced way — much more research is conducted on diseases with more burden in high-income countries than on those with more burden in lower-income countries. In this study, we explore whether these imbalances persist and inquire about the possible influence of three factors, namely geography, industry and publication incentives.

Changing the Mindset in Life Sciences Toward Translation: A Consensus

2014

Participants at the recent Translate! 2014 meeting in Berlin, Germany, reached a consensus on the rate-limiting factor for advancing translational medicine.

Important challenges for coordination and inter-municipal cooperation in health care services: a Delphi study

2013

Published version of an article in the journal: BMC Health Services Research. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-451 Open Access Background: Demographical changes have stimulated a coordination reform in the Norwegian health care sector, creating new working practices and extending coordination within and between primary and hospital care, increasing the need for inter-municipal cooperation (IMC). This study aimed to identify challenges to coordination and IMC in the Norwegian health care sector as a basis for further theorizing and managerial advice in this growing area of research and practice. Methods. A Delphi study of consensus development was …

European Young Pediatricians Association: Laying the Foundations for Collaboration, Integration, and Networking among Pediatricians of the Future

2016

ESMO Consensus Conferences: another source of ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines.

2012

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Is time to joint replacement a valid outcome measure in clinical trials of drugs for osteoarthritis?

2003

The rate of radiographic joint space narrowing is commonly used today as a structural outcome measure in clinical trials evaluating potential disease-modifying drugs in patients with hip osteoarthritis, but this results in a continuous variable. Among the methods proposed to circumvent this problem, it has been suggested that the incidence of total hip arthoplasty (THA) provides a hard outcome measure. It is a dichotomized variable, easy to measure and sensitive to change, with acceptable intrinsic validity. However, because this measure is limited by the variability of factors underlying the decision to perform surgery and the length of waiting lists, it has been suggested that time to ful…

Food community networks as sustainable self-organized collective action: A case study of a Solidarity Purchasing Group

2014

The spread of Food Community Networks (FCNs) is mainly due to new and confirmed policies for consumption, testing new social paradigms aimed at promoting sustainable development in rural areas through the active reorganization of the agricultural and food industry. As a result, there is a set of rules deriving from complex relational structures competing to define self-organized collective action for sustainability. This paper analyses the structure of relations within FCNs. With this end in view, research on the experience of FCNs has been done, in particular of Solidarity Purchasing Groups (henceforth SPGs) in Sicily (Southern Italy). By applying Social Network Analysis, the article ident…

Helsepersonells erfaringer og tanker om bruk av frivillige i palliativ omsorg

2017

Health care personnel’s experiences and thoughts on the use of volunteers in palliative care in a social perspectiveThe government of Norway is planning for the municipalities’ health care resources, including volunteering. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the experiences and thoughts of a group of health care personnel on the use of volunteers in palliative care in the community health care services, and to discuss the findings in a social perspective. Individual interviews were conducted with seven nurses and three nursing assistants. Using a qualitative content analysis three categories emerged: "The importance of organization, clarification and responsibility," "Qualificat…