Search results for " density"

showing 10 items of 2709 documents

Fast Axial-Scanning Widefield Microscopy With Constant Magnification and Resolution

2015

In this paper, we propose the use of electrically-addressable lens devices for performing fast non-mechanical axial scanning when imaging three-dimensional samples. This non-mechanical method can be implemented in any commercial microscope. The approach is based on the insertion of the tunable lens at the aperture stop of the microscope objective. By tuning the voltage, a stack of depth images of 3D specimens can be captured in real time and with constant magnification and resolution. The main advantage of our technique is the possibility of performing fast axial scanning free of mechanical vibrations.

Materials scienceMicroscopebusiness.industryResolution (electron density)ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONMagnificationCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionLens (optics)OpticsOptical microscopeStack (abstract data type)lawConfocal microscopyMicroscopyElectrical and Electronic EngineeringbusinessJournal of Display Technology
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Axial gain resolution in optical sectioning fluorescence microscopy by shaded-ring filters.

2009

We present a new family of pupil masks to control the axial component of the intensity distribution in the focal region of tightly focused light fields. The filters, which consist of a circular clear pupil with a single shaded ring, allow to control the width of the central lobe of the axial spot together with the residual sidelobes energy. The filters can be applied to improve the optical sectioning capacity of different scanning microscopes.

Materials scienceMicroscopegenetic structuresOptical sectioningbusiness.industryResolution (electron density)eye diseasesAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionOpticsConfocal microscopylawLight sheet fluorescence microscopyElectric fieldFluorescence microscopesense organsbusinessBiological imagingOptics express
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Force probe simulations using an adaptive resolution scheme

2021

Molecular simulations of the forced unfolding and refolding of biomolecules or molecular complexes allow to gain important kinetic, structural and thermodynamic information about the folding process and the underlying energy landscape. In force probe molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations, one pulls one end of the molecule with a constant velocity in order to induce the relevant conformational transitions. Since the extended configuration of the system has to fit into the simulation box together with the solvent such simulations are very time consuming. Here, we apply a hybrid scheme in which the solute is treated with atomistic resolution and the solvent molecules far away from the solute a…

Materials scienceMolecular ConformationFOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyMolecular Dynamics SimulationCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed MatterKinetic energy01 natural sciencesMolecular dynamics0103 physical sciencesAtomMoleculeGeneral Materials Science010306 general physicsQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesResolution (electron density)Energy landscape021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsFolding (chemistry)Chemical physicsSolventsSoft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)ThermodynamicsGranularity0210 nano-technology
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Theoretical approach for determining the relation between the morphology and surface magnetism of Co3O4

2017

Abstract Precisely controlling the different aspects of the morphology and magnetic properties of metal oxides are fundamental to materials design. A theoretical approach, based on the Wulff construction and magnetization density (M) index, is presented to clarify the relation between the morphology and surface magnetism. The M index allows us to evaluate the uncompensated spins at the (1 0 0), (1 1 0), (1 1 1) and (1 1 2) surfaces of Co3O4 with a spinel structure. The investigated morphologies show an excellent agreement with the experimental results, with the main contribution coming from the (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) magnetic planes. The present results are also helpful in clarifying the intri…

Materials scienceMorphology (linguistics)MagnetismNanoparticle02 engineering and technologyengineering.material010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMagnetizationCo3O4morphologyWulff constructionSpinsCondensed matter physicsSpinel021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsSurface energy0104 chemical sciencesElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssurface energyspin densitymagnetismengineeringWulff construction0210 nano-technology
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Advances in SPMs for Investigation and Modification of Solid-Supported Monolayers

2007

Improvement in nanotechnology research has been strongly driven by the advancement that nanoscale characterization and manipulation tools made from the beginning. Solidsupported monolayers (SSMs) represent one of the most important systems in nanotechnology. High-quality SSMs may be fabricated at low cost by solution processes employing techniques like self-assembly and Langmuir–Blodgett methods. In the last decade, advances in scanning probe methods provided more and more efficient tools able both to probe with largely improved resolution the morphological features of SSMs and to modify selectively their functional groups. The modified self-assembled monolayers can be used as nanotemplates…

Materials scienceNanolithographyMonolayerResolution (electron density)NanotechnologyNanoscopic scaleCharacterization (materials science)
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Subwavelength mapping of surface photonic states

2003

We show that the spectral tailoring of optical local density of states (LDOS) may be achieved by lithographically designed nanostructures and that the subwavelength mapping of the spectral variation of the optical LDOS is feasible by varying the driving frequency of the effective dipole used in an illumination mode scanning near-field optical microscope.

Materials scienceNanostructureLocal density of statesbusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringNear-field opticsPhysics::OpticsBioengineeringGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effectlaw.inventionDipoleOpticsOptical microscopeMechanics of MaterialslawDensity of statesGeneral Materials ScienceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringPhotonicsbusinessLithographyNanotechnology
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The Single Molecule Probe: Nanoscale Vectorial Mapping of Photonic Mode Density in a Metal Nanocavity

2009

International audience; We use superresolution single-molecule polarization and lifetime imaging to probe the local density of states (LDOS) in a metal nanocavity. Determination of the orientation of the molecular transition dipole allows us to retrieve the different LDOS behavior for parallel and perpendicular orientations with respect to the metal interfaces. For the perpendicular orientation, a strong lifetime reduction is observed for distances up to 150 nm from the cavity edge due to coupling to surface plasmon polariton modes in the metal. Contrarily, for the parallel orientation we observe lifetime variations resulting from coupling to characteristic λ/2 cavity modes. Our results are…

Materials scienceNanostructurePolymersMICROCAVITYBiophysicsMetal NanoparticlesPhysics::OpticsBioengineering02 engineering and technologyLIFETIME01 natural sciencesENHANCEMENT0103 physical sciencesMaterials TestingNanotechnologyGeneral Materials ScienceSpontaneous emission[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics010306 general physicsPhotons[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Local density of states[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Condensed matter physicsMechanical EngineeringSurface plasmonFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPYSPONTANEOUS EMISSIONGeneral ChemistryEquipment DesignSurface Plasmon Resonance021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsPolarization (waves)Surface plasmon polaritonCRYSTALSDipoleMicroscopy FluorescenceMetalsDensity of statesMicroscopy Electron Scanning[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic[ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics[ SPI.OPTI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic0210 nano-technologyNEAR-FIELD
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Micrometer-resolution reconstruction and analysis of whole mouse brain vasculature by synchrotron-based phase-contrast tomographic microscopy

2021

AbstractNervous tissue metabolism is mainly supported by the dense thread of blood vessels which mainly provides fast supplies of oxygen and glucose. Recently, the supplying role of the brain vascular system has been examined in major neurological conditions such as the Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. However, to date, fast and reliable methods for the fine level microstructural extraction of whole brain vascular systems are still unavailable. We present a methodological framework suitable for reconstruction of the whole mouse brain cerebral microvasculature by X-ray tomography with the unprecedented pixel size of 0.65 μm. Our measurements suggest that the resolving power of the techn…

Materials scienceNervous tissueResolution (electron density)Functional specializationSynchrotronlaw.inventionMicrometremedicine.anatomical_structurelawMicroscopymedicineTomographyBlood vesselBiomedical engineering
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The role of impurities in the irradiation induced densification of amorphous SiO(2).

2011

In a recent work (Buscarino et al 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 094202), by studying the properties of the (29)Si hyperfine structure of the E'(γ) point defect, we have proposed a model able to describe quantitatively the densification process taking place upon electron irradiation in amorphous SiO(2) (a-SiO(2)). In particular, we have shown that it proceeds heterogeneously, through the nucleation of confined densified regions statistically dispersed into the whole volume of the material. In the present experimental investigation, by using a similar approach on a wider set of materials, we explore how this process is influenced by impurities, such as OH and Cl, typically involved in relevant concent…

Materials scienceNucleationCondensed Matter PhysicsCrystallographic defectAmorphous solidlaw.inventionChemical engineeringImpuritylawamorphous silicon dioxide sio2 irradiation effects electron irradiation point defects electron paramagnetic resonance densityElectron beam processingGeneral Materials ScienceIrradiationElectron paramagnetic resonanceHyperfine structureJournal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal
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Solidification of a colloidal hard sphere like model system approaching and crossing the glass transition

2014

We investigated the process of vitrification and crystallization in a model system of colloidal hard spheres. The kinetics of the solidification process was measured using time resolved static light scattering, while the time evolution of the dynamic properties was determined using time resolved dynamic light scattering. By performing further analysis we confirm that solidification of hard sphere colloids is mediated by precursors. Analyzing the dynamic properties we can show that the long time dynamics and thus the shear rigidity of the metastable melt is highly correlated with the number density of solid clusters (precursors) nucleated. In crystallization these objects convert into highly…

Materials scienceNumber densityNucleationGeneral ChemistryHard spheresCondensed Matter Physicslaw.inventionCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterCrystallographyDynamic light scatteringChemical physicslawMetastabilityStatic light scatteringCrystallizationGlass transitionSoft Matter
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