Search results for " deprivation"

Body mass index and factors associated with overweight and obesity: a crosssectional in a small city of Western Sicily (Italy)

2012

<p><strong>Background</strong>: although the epidemiological features of overweight and obesity have been well described, especially for very populous urban areas, less evidences are available for small urban areas. The aim of the present work was to assess BMI and factors associated with overweight and obesity in a representative sample of general population of a small city of Western Sicily (Italy).</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: four hundred and eleven randomly selected adult subjects from general population living in a small Sicilian city with 7 144 inhabitants were interviewed by a standardized questionnaire investigating life-styles, eating h…

The COGNITION Study Rationale and Design: Influence of Closed Loop Stimulation on Cognitive Performance in Pacemaker Patients

2008

Background: Several studies showed the beneficial effect of pacemaker implantation on cognitive performance in patients with bradycardia. But it has never been investigated if patients with chronotropic incompetence may improve their cognitive performance if treated by a rate-adaptive system reacting to mental stress in comparison to the most frequently used accelerometer-driven pacing. Methods: The randomized, single-blind, multicenter COGNITION study evaluates if closed loop stimulation (CLS) offers incremental benefit in the speed of cognitive performance and the overall well-being of elderly patients with bradycardia compared with accelerometer-based pacing. Four hundred chronotropicall…

Socioeconomic Environment and Survival in Patients with Digestive Cancers: A French Population-Based Study

2021

Simple Summary Studies investigating the social gradient in digestive cancer survival are scarce, and the statistical methods used do not always consider important assumptions in survival analysis for adequate assessment. Using an ecological index (European Deprivation Index), we found a negative impact of social environment in digestive cancers net survival (especially for esophagus, stomach, bile ducts among females; colon and rectum for both sexes) and provided insight into how this social gradient in cancer survival builds up, and at what time of follow-up it appears. These results can guide clinical practice/public health actions to address social inequalities in survival by targeting …

Coping with continual danger: assessing alertness to visual disturbances in crucian carp following long-term exposure to chemical alarm signals.

2013

Chemical alarm signals in fish are passively released into the water from ruptured epidermal cells, and induce instant fright responses in conspecifics. Fish also display alarm responses to injured heterospecific skin, as well as to scent of piscivorous predators that have ingested prey. A conspicuous alertness to visual disturbances has also been observed in fish following long-term exposure to extracts of filtered, homogenized skin, but the chemical inducers of such vigilance are actually unknown. We tested if a continual exposure to water-soluble alarm signals, from either conspecifics or heterospecifics, affects alertness of fish. Based on previous experience, it was assumed that alertn…

Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child cognition at age 5 years in 3 birth cohorts

2018

Background: There have been few studies of children's cognitive development in relation to mothers' cell phone use, and most were limited to outcomes at age 3 years or younger. We examined the relationship between maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and cognitive performance in 5-year old children. Methods: This study included data from 3 birth cohorts: the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) (n = 1209), Spanish Environment and Childhood Project (INMA) (n = 1383), and Korean Mothers and Children's Environment Health Study (MOCEH) (n = 497). All cohorts collected information about maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and cognitive performance in children at age 5. We performed linea…

Characterization of the transporterB0AT3 (Slc6a17) in the rodent central nervous system.

2013

Abstract Background The vesicular B0AT3 transporter (SLC6A17), one of the members of the SLC6 family, is a transporter for neutral amino acids and is exclusively expressed in brain. Here we provide a comprehensive expression profile of B0AT3 in mouse brain using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results We confirmed previous expression data from rat brain and used a novel custom made antibody to obtain detailed co-labelling with several cell type specific markers. B0AT3 was highly expressed in both inhibitory and excitatory neurons. The B0AT3 expression was highly overlapping with those of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1…

Verbal learning and memory and their associations with brain morphology and illness course in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses.

2012

The California Verbal Learning Test and structural brain imaging were administered to 57 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 94 controls in a general population sample. Cases had lower semantic cluster scores. Poorer verbal memory strategies were associated with longer duration of illness and heavier use of antipsychotic medication. After controlling for duration of illness, sex, and total gray matter, poorer verbal memory was associated with lower gray matter volume in the cingulate cortex, juxtapositional lobule, right superior temporal gyrus, and precuneus. After controlling for use of antipsychotic medication, there was an association between higher serial clustering and …

Association between cingulum bundle structure and cognitive performance: an observational study in major depression.

2009

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression can be regarded as a systemic neurobehavioral disorder resulting from dysfunction of the limbic-cortical networks. The cingulum bundle represents a major association fiber tract of those networks. The aim of our study was to determine the association of brain structural tissue markers of the cingulum bundle and cognitive function in patients with major depression.MethodsRegion-of-interest-based analyses of the middle-anterior and middle-posterior cingulum bundle fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) using color-coded diffusion-tensor imaging and neuropsychological assessment in 14 patients with major depression.ResultsFA of the middle-anteri…

2017

The Cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis was put forward to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain pathology. Compensatory neural activity within the frontal lobes has often been associated with CR. For the first time we investigated the independent effects of two CR proxies, education and NART IQ, on measures of executive function, fluid intelligence, speed of information processing, verbal short term memory (vSTM), naming, and perception in a sample of 86 patients with focal, unilateral frontal lesions and 142 healthy controls. We fitted multiple linear regression models for each of the cognitive measures and found that only NART IQ pre…

Older adults with cognitive and mobility-related limitations: Social deprivation and forms of care received

2015

A paraître; International audience;