Search results for " diet."
showing 10 items of 2937 documents
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy
2013
Objective To examine the effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and overweight at 14 months of age. Design and Methods In a Spanish birth cohort study, the POPs dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs—congeners 153, 138, 180) were measured in maternal serum collected in the first trimester of pregnancy during 2003–2008. Rapid growth was defined as a z-score weight gain >0.67 SD between 6 months of age and birth. Overweight at 14 months was defined as a BMI z-score ≥85th percentile. Generalized linear models examined the association between POPs and rapid g…
Dietary strategy for prevention and management of dyslipidemia: international guidelines
2012
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease should begin with a detailed metabolic study of our patients who must follow a nutritional therapy. Recently, new guidelines ESC/EAS 2011 on the treatment of dyslipidemia have been drawn up, according to which it is possible to arrive at desirable values of cholesterol and triglycerides with a synergy between drug treatment and adequate diet therapy. At this time, Mediterranean diet has been undergoing a radical transformation: there is hyperalimentation of the Mediterranean diet in all its components. The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet on the reduction of lipids has been demonstrated, and the problem is how to implement this diet in the…
Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.
2008
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in humans, affecting approximately 7-8% of women of reproductive age. Despite the criteria adopted, PCOS is considered to be a predominantly hyperandrogenetic syndrome and the evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity is not mandatory. Most women with PCOS also exhibit features of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. While the association with type 2 diabetes is well established, whether the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increased in women with PCOS remains unclear. Acknowledging the strong impact of insulin-resistance in the genesis of PCOS co…
Transient hypothyroidism during lactation arrests myelination in the anterior commissure of rats. A magnetic resonance image and electron microscope …
2018
Thyroid hormone deficiency at early postnatal ages affects the cytoarchitecture and function of neocortical and telencephalic limbic areas, leading to impaired associative memory and in a wide spectrum of neurological and mental diseases. Neocortical areas project interhemispheric axons mostly through the corpus callosum and to a lesser extent through the anterior commissure (AC), while limbic areas mostly project through the AC and hippocampal commissures. Functional magnetic resonance data from children with late diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism and abnormal verbal memory processing, suggest altered ipsilateral and contralateral telencephalic connections. Gestational hypothyroidism aff…
Test-retest reliability of adolescents' self-reported physical activity item in two consecutive surveys.
2019
Background National monitoring of school-aged physical activity (PA) behaviours is necessary to inform policy makers. The Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (FSPA – LIITU in Finnish) is a physical activity monitoring study, collecting data from young adolescents aged 11 to 15 years through a nationally representative sample. This study included a single self-reported item question on moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) from the preceding seven days. The question is used widely in the WHO Collaborative Cross-National Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study as a measure of meeting international PA recommendations. This study evaluated the test-retest relia…
The LDL receptor in the retina: the missing link in aging, the new target in dietary prevention
2012
National audience; Purpose: The discovery of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in 1985 by Brown and Goldstein was awarded by a Nobel Prize. The LDLR has initially been identified for its role in mediating the endocytosis of LDL particles in the vascular endothelium. The deposition of lipids, including cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in Bruch’s Membrane in the one hand, and in the vessel intima in the other hand, is one of the common features of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary habits with high intakes of omega 3 long chain fatty acids (LCFA) have been associated with AMD prevention. Similar effects have been demonstrated in CVD prevention. The mechan…
Combined effects of aging and a pro-diabetic diet on retinal function in a murine model of aging of the human eye
2009
; Purpose: Improvement of life expectancy and changes in the dietary behaviour of developed populations are accompanied with the prevalence of diabetes and age-related ocular pathologies. Aging of the retina is characterized by accumulation of lipids at the basement of the retinal pigment epithelium - Bruch’s membrane complex.Meanwhile increased oxidative stress is one of the features of aging and diabetes. A fructose-rich diet induces insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia, mimicking diabetes. The goal of our study was to evaluate the effects of a pro-diabetic fructose-enriched diet on the retinal function of the ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice, a murine model of aging of the human eye. Methods…
Effect of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on IOP elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell loss in a rat model of gla…
2008
Purpose To test the efficacy of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in a rat model of glaucoma induced by laser photocoagulation. Methods Rats were fed for 3 months with a diet containing either: 1) 17% of omega-3 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA), 2) 10% of omega-6 fatty acids (as GLA), or 3) a combination of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA + 10% GLA), by comparison with a control group of animals fed with a standard diet deprived of EPA, DHA and GLA. After 3 months of diet, glaucoma was induced in one eye of the animal by laser.IOP was regularly measured and the retinal function was evaluated by electroretinography (ERG) for 3 months. At the end of the experiment, …
Development of healthy eating habits early in life. Review of recent evidence and selected guidelines
2011
Encouraging healthy eating habit development early in life is a way to prevent the onset of diet-related diseases. This review focuses on the period ranging from the beginning of complementary feeding until the age of 3 years. Its first objective was to review relevant themes in the most recent literature on the development of healthy eating habits in this period. Its second objective was to evaluate to what extent international and national feeding guidelines cover these themes. Analysed guidelines included WHO, European Network for Public Health Nutrition, US and two European national guidelines (UK and France). They were evaluated using a 4-pt scale and compared. Well-covered themes in c…
Evaluation of “Stress Relief” Dietary Supplement on Animal Stress Level and Locomotion
2018
Abstract Search of new approaches for harmless, non-medication treatment of body dysfunctions is still on the agenda of vet and human practitioners and researchers as well. This study presents evaluation of the effect of “Stress Relief” dietary supplement (SR) on mice behaviour under different acute short-term stress conditions and treatment duration. Five experiments were performed and in each 40 animals were randomly split into four (I–IV) groups, where I and II — non-stressed mice, III and IV — stressed animals, I and III received water with trace mineral solution (TMS), II and IV received water with SR. As stress factors, forced swimming, rodent predator odour or both together were appl…