Search results for " differences"
showing 10 items of 431 documents
Decentralization as an incentive scheme when regional differences are large
2010
It has been suggested that large regional differences could be an obstacle to that part of the political accountability of office-holders which is based on yardstick competition among governments. The paper addresses that question and concludes that the obstacle is not too serious in general. The second part of the paper is devoted to the persistent economic underperformance of some regions in countries such as Germany, Italy and (with regard to regions overseas) France. How is it that the mechanism of yardstick competition induces a convergence of economic performance among European Union member countries, even those particularly poor initially, but fails to induce all the underperforming …
An analysis of Italian university students' performance through segmented regression models: gender differences in STEM courses
2021
AbstractThis paper investigates gender differences in university performances in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses in Italy, proposing a novel application through the segmented regression models. The analysis concerns freshmen students enrolled at a 3-year STEM degree in Italian universities in the last decade, with a focus on the relationship between the number of university credits earned during the first year (a good predictor of the regularity of the career) and the probability of getting the bachelor degree within 4 years. Data is provided by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR). Our analysis confirms that first-year performance is strong…
Income Differences in Regions of Latvia – Problems and Challenges
2019
Income differences in regions of Latvia is becoming a greater problem for families as there are made decisions for emigration, for municipalities as there are significant reductions in tax (income and property) payers and for entrepreneurs as there are less customers for their products and services: those aspects are on great importance but not enough researched and discussed in academic research. Purpose of the study is to analyse income differences in the regions of Latvia. The tasks of the study: 1 to review theoretical background of income differences in context of regional development; 2 to review existing research of income differences in the regions in EU; 3 to analyse problems of in…
Frecuencia del consumo de drogas legales: Diferencias de edad en la adolescencia
2007
El consumo de drogas es especialmente relevante por sus efectos negativos sobre la salud psicofísica y el funcionamiento social de los jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias de edad respecto a las frecuencias de consumo de alcohol y tabaco en una muestra de 354 escolares (50.85% varones) de 12 a 18 años (M = 14.66; DT = 1.08) que cumplimentaron el Questionnarie about Consume of Alcohol and Tobacco (TNT). Los resultados muestran que el 82.4% de los adolescentes ha consumido bebidas alcohólicas en alguna ocasión y el 25.6% es consumidor actualmente. Respecto al consumo de tabaco, el 40.4% de estudiantes afirma haber fumado en alguna ocasión, siendo consumidores actu…
La perception des accords aromatiques : un exemple d'interactions perceptives dans les mélanges odorants
2007
Diplôme : Dr. d'Université; Dans le monde de la parfumerie et de l'aromatique, il existe un terme particulier définissant la formation d'une nouvelle qualité odorante à travers le mélange et la fusion de plusieurs odeurs : l'accord. Ce terme, largement employée parmi ces experts, n'avait jamais donné lieu à des études scientifiques approfondies.L' objectif de cette thèse a été de démontrer la réalité de l'accord en olfaction et de montrer qu'il repose sur des interactions perceptives influençant la qualité de l'odeur. Nous avons en particulier étudié les déterminants physico-chimiques, perceptifs et cognitifs des accords aromatiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que la percept…
Ecological correlates of Spanish preschoolers’ physical activity during school recess
2017
Early childhood education (ECE) institutions may be one place for young children to obtain a significant proportion of their daily physical activity (PA). Even though young children are generally considered to be very active, and recess time is considered an important environmental factor for promoting PA, evidence suggests that young children spend most recess time participating in sedentary activities. To our knowledge there have been no systematic evaluations of the PA levels and patterns during recess time in Spanish preschool children. Therefore, the aims of this study were threefold: (a) to analyse the PA patterns and sedentary behaviour during recess time in outdoor ECE environments…
Finnish and Greek early childhood teachers’ perspectives and practices in supporting children’s autonomy
2017
Kindergarten teachers from different cultural backgrounds attribute various meanings to children’s autonomy. There seems to be cultural differences in early childhood education curricula with regard to how a child’s autonomy is described and how it is supported. This qualitative study asks: how do teachers narrate their perspective and pedagogical support of children’s autonomy, and what kinds of similarities and differences in the pedagogy and practices can be found in Finnish and Greek early childhood education (ECEC) contexts? The data of this qualitative study consist of a semi-structured questionnaire of 14 kindergarten teachers and observations of their pedagogical practices in the da…
Migration and Individual Earnings in Finland: A Regional Perspective
1999
Attention has recently focused on the rapidly increasing pace and regional concentration of migration in Finland. Most migrants head to the growth centre regions located mainly in the southern parts of the country. This study investigates the effects of moving on individuals, and compares the post-move incomes across the Finnish regions. Significant regional differences in the types of inmigrants and their incomes are observed. The results indicate that, in general, migrants tend to benefit from moving in the form of higher post-move incomes. In particular, individuals who move to relatively rich regions have higher levels of income succeeding the move and also experience faster income grow…
Centralised or decentralised banking supervision? Evidence from European banks
2021
Abstract This paper analyses the impact of the Banking Union on European bank credit risk. Specifically, we investigate the effect that the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism has had on the credit risk of the banks it supervises in comparison to financial institutions that are still supervised by National Supervisory Authorities. We analyse a sample of 746 European banks over the period 2011–2018, by means of a difference-in-differences methodology. We provide empirical evidence that Single Supervisory Mechanism supervised banks reduced credit risk exposure compared to banks supervised by National Supervisory Authorities, suggesting that the Banking Union has successfully red…
The survival of firms over the critical first 3 years and the local environment
1998
The aim of this study was to examine the success of new firms in different environments and the factors affecting it. In this study the criterion of a successful firm is that of continued functioning, and firms are divided into two groups: those that have closed down and those that continue after the critical first 3 years. As the basis for a regional analysis the authors look first at the differences between these two groups in terms of the characteristics of firms and entrepreneurs. The regional distribution of the firms that closed down is then examined, followed by an analysis of the regional differences in the characteristics of all the firms and entrepreneurs studied. Regional differe…