Search results for " difficult"

An Integrated Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) Model with Retirement and Permanent Disability

2014

In this paper we develop a theoretical basis for integrating retirement and permanent disability using a generic NDC framework. The methodology used relies on a multistate overlapping generations model that includes the so-called survivor dividend. Currently this feature can only be found in the Swedish defined contribution (DC) scheme. The results achieved in the numerical example we present endorse the fact that the model works well. Special attention is given to the assumptions made about mortality rates for disabled people and disability incidence rates, which largely determine the contribution rate assigned to disability. The model could be of interest to policymakers because, after so…

Testing the direct and moderator effects of the stressor-detachment model over one year : A latent change perspective

2018

ABSTRACTTo test the direct and moderator effects of the stressor–detachment model from a long-term perspective, we investigated whether workload and detachment are related to changes in exhaustion and sleep difficulties over one year. We also examined whether detachment attenuates the relationship between high workload and these outcomes both cross-sectionally and over time. Questionnaire data with 1722 respondents at Time 1 and 1182 respondents at Time 2 were collected. We used a latent change score approach to analyse the data in order to identify intra-individual change among the studied constructs. Our results showed that high workload and low detachment at baseline were related to an i…

Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

2015

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by …

Évaluer les effets des stages pour publics "en difficulté", des problèmes qui ne sont pas seulement d'ordre méthodologique ... réflexions à partir d'…

1996

How to assess the impact of courses aimed at problem-people : a discussion of a case-study In the context of high unemployment, a considerable course market has developped but their impact on finding a job remains quite uncertain. This paper provides an evaluation of a course aimed at problem job seekers, carried out in Bourgogne (middle-east region). Course attendance is most likely to be linked to job hunting and the setting up of more elaborate career plans. It looks as if other psychological changes are negligeable. Moreover, this assessment raises the question of the possible evil effects of such development on a more general level.

Évaluer les effets des stages pour publics "en difficulté" : réflexions à partir d'une étude de cas

1995

The Choice of Item Difficulty in Self-Adapted Testing

2000

Summary: The difficulty level choices made by examinees during a self-adapted test were studied. A positive correlation between estimate ability and difficulty choice was found. The mean difficulty level selected by the examinees increased nonlinearly as the testing session progressed. Regression analyses showed that the best predictors of difficulty choice were examinee ability, difficulty of the previous item, and score on the previous item. Four strategies for selecting difficulty levels were examined, and examinees were classified into subgroups based on the best-fitting strategy. The subgroups differed with regard to ability, pretest anxiety, number of items passed, and mean difficult…

Balanced difficulty task finder: an adaptive recommendation method for learning tasks based on the concept of state of flow

2020

An adaptive task difficulty assignment method which we reckon as balanced difficulty task finder (BDTF) is proposed in this paper. The aim is to recommend tasks to a learner using a trade-off between skills of the learner and difficulty of the tasks such that the learner experiences a state of flow during the learning. Flow is a mental state that psychologists refer to when someone is completely immersed in an activity. Flow state is a multidisciplinary field of research and has been studied not only in psychology, but also neuroscience, education, sport, and games. The idea behind this paper is to try to achieve a flow state in a similar way as Elo’s chess skill rating (Glickman in Am Ches…

Anxiety in Older Adolescents at the Time of COVID-19

2020

Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a catastrophic health risk, with psychological, emotional, social, and relational implications. From the early stages of the virus spread, the elderly population was identified as the most vulnerable, and health authorities have rightly focused on this frailer population. Conversely, less attention was given to the emotional and psychological dimensions of children and adolescents. Moreover, even though they were the subjects whose lives and health were at low risk, they, nevertheless, had to face a reality full of anxiety, fears, and uncertainties. The current study investigated the state of anxiety and emotional awareness in a sample of healthy older …

School adjustment in children who stutter: The quality of the student-teacher relationship, peer relationships, and children's academic and behaviora…

2020

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the student-teacher relationship, peer relationship, emotional and behavioral outcomes and academic performance in school adjustment of children who stutter. Methods The convenience sample consisted of 536 children – 62 affected by stuttering and 474 in the control group – and 36 prevalent teachers from six primary and secondary schools in Northwest Italy. Children were assessed with a sociometric questionnaire. Teacher evaluations were also used to assess their perception of their relationships with the student (Student-Teacher Relationship Scale), children’ behavior (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), an…

Enseñanza de las ciencias : revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas

2020

Nuestro objetivo en esta investigación es identificar las dificultades de aprendizaje que tienen los niños de 1.º a 3.º grado de educación primaria en la construcción de los números naturales. Tales dificultades no proceden de la enseñanza, sino de las propias matemáticas y para poder observar esas dificultades, es necesario reducir el problema a los elementos primitivos. Con los modelos teóricos locales como marco teórico y metodológico, se ha diseñado un modelo de enseñanza traduciendo el componente formal (modelo de J. Von Neumann) a una secuencia de actividades con el uso de material manipulativo. Se analiza la experiencia de enseñanza y en los resultados se destacan y explican las difi…