Search results for " discrimination"

Pricing to market behaviour in European car markets

2003

Abstract This paper investigates PTM behaviour in European car markets for a period of great interest (1993–98), taking into account the role of invoicing currency. The results indicate that local currency price stability is a strong and pervasive phenomenon across products independently of the invoicing currency. The paper offers robustness checks, tests and arguments that justify the interpretation of this finding, at least in part, as evidence of PTM. It implies the existence of market segmentation and price discrimination, despite the completion of the single market programme on 1 January 1993.

The Duty to Punish Racial Hate v. Freedom of Expression: Looking for a Fair Balance in the Domestic Implementation of CERD Obligations

2021

2021

Previous work showed that the beginning of a sound is more important for the perception of loudness than later parts. When a short silent gap of sufficient duration is inserted into a sound, this primacy effect reoccurs in the second sound part after the gap. The present study investigates whether this temporal weighting occurs independently for different frequency bands. Sounds consisting of two bandpass noises were presented in four different conditions: (1) a simultaneous gap in both bands, (2) a gap in only the lower frequency band, (3) a gap in only the higher frequency band, or (4) no gap. In all conditions, the temporal loudness weights showed a primacy effect at sound onset. For the…

Chloride, carboxylate and carbonate transport by ortho-phenylenediamine-based bisureas

2013

Highly potent but structurally simple transmembrane anion transporters are reported that function at receptor to lipid ratios as low as 1 : 1 000 000. The compounds, based on the simple ortho-phenylenediamine-based bisurea scaffold, have been studied for their ability to facilitate chloride/nitrate and chloride/bicarbonate antiport, and HCl symport processes using a combination of ion selective electrode and fluorescence techniques. In addition, the transmembrane transport of dicarboxylate anions (maleate and fumarate) by the compounds was examined. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that these compounds permeate the membrane more easily than other promising receptors corroborating the e…

The minimum pension and its effect on the gender gap in retirement pensions in Spain

2021

The gender gap in pensions is greater than the gender gap in wages in the majority of countries in the European Union. Similarly, more women live on a minimum pension than do men. Therefore, the me...

Dealing with a potential bias in estimating the share of discriminated women

2012

The Blinder-Oaxaca [1, 6] decomposition neglects any distributional issues of discrimination. Instead, Jenkins [5] has argued the importance of a distributional approach in evaluating wage discrimination, focusing on the entire distribution of discrimination experienced by each woman. In their distributional approach, Del Río et al. [3] have adapted the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) [4] poverty indices in studying wage discrimination. These discrimination indices depend on a parameter which can be interpreted as a measure of aversion to discrimination. When the aversion parameter is zero, the index measures the share of discriminated women. In this paper we will demonstrate that the naï…

Il sex discrimination act inglese del 1975 ed il pensiero di Giovanni Criscuoli

2015

L’approvazione da parte del parlamento inglese, e la conseguente entrata in vigore il 12 novembre 1975, di una legge denominata Sex Discrimination Act non poteva lasciare indifferenti gli animi più reattivi nei confronti del riorientamento delle posizioni giuridiche individuali sancito per legge, soprattutto quando si collocava, seppur in differente ambito geografico, nel medesimo programma conditorio di un nuovo statuto dei diritti della persona umana. Ecco perché Giovanni Criscuoli fu, con straordinaria ed impareggiabile prontezza, immediatamente attratto da quel che ben può definirsi un novello manifesto normativo, innalzato – come si legge nel preambolo – “per rendere antigiuridiche alc…

Essays on the Performance, Subsidization and Internationalization of Social Enterprises

2020

Social enterprises are hybrid organizations that tackle societal challenges by using conventional business models. Being hybrid organizations means that social enterprises pursue dual objectives: social (developmental) and financial. By taking performance, subsidization and internationalization perspectives, this thesis contributes to understanding the hybridity of social enterprises and how this hybridity drives their general operations and key decisions such as foreign market selection and targeting strategy.

Aportaciones de la herpetofauna al conocimiento de la paleobiología y paleoclimatología del tramo temporal Pleistoceno Superior y Holoceno de la Comu…

2022

El periodo Cuaternario se caracteriza climáticamente por la alternancia de fases glaciales e interglaciales, y, asociadas a ellas, importantes fluctuaciones de la línea de costa. Dado que este marco temporal es altamente relevante en el campo de la evolución humana y, por ello, gran parte de su estudio se ha centrado en esta temática; también lo es para entender diversos aspectos de la historia natural de otros grupos de vertebrados, como es el caso de los reptiles y anfibios. Hasta ahora son escasos los estudios del componente herpetológico de las faunas de vertebrados en el este de la península ibérica durante el Pleistoceno Superior y Holoceno, habiéndose centrado fundamentalmente este e…

Frailty Tools for Assessment of Long-term Prognosis After Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020

Objective: To evaluate the 5 components of the Fried frailty phenotype (self-reported unintentional weight loss, physical activity questionnaire, gait speed, grip strength, and self-reported exhaustion) for long-term outcomes in elderly survivors of acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A total of 342 consecutive patients (from October 1, 2010, to February 1, 2012) were included. The 5 components of the Fried score and albumin concentration, as malnutrition index, were assessed before hospital discharge. Patients were followed up until April 2020 (median follow-up, 8.7 years). The end point was postdischarge all-cause mortality. Results: Mean ± SD age was 77±7 years and mean ± SD Fried score wa…