Search results for " effect"

showing 10 items of 7524 documents

The polarization dependence of x‐ray photoelectron yield of a Au photocathode

1994

We report a measurement of the total photoelectron yield of gold as a function of the incident x‐ray polarization. Polarized x rays with energies of 2.5, 2.7, and 4.0 keV were used to excite a gold photocathode at a glancing incidence angle between 5° and 50°. Contrary to a previous report, we found no measurable polarization dependence for all three x‐ray energies. We conclude that the modulation factor, i.e., the fractional change of the total yield when the polarization state is varied, is less than 4%.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopySolid-state physicsChemistryX-rayGeneral Physics and AstronomySynchrotron radiationAtomic physicsPhotoelectric effectPolarization (waves)PhotocathodeModulation factorJournal of Applied Physics
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Jahn-Teller distortion aroundFe4+inSr(FexTi1−x)O3−δfrom x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and vibrational spectroscopy

2007

$\mathrm{Sr}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ perovskites (strontium titanate ferrite solid solution) with well-defined oxygen stoichiometry have been studied as a function of iron concentration by x-ray diffraction, Fe and Ti $K$-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and vibrational (Raman and infrared) spectroscopy. In reduced $\mathrm{Sr}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}){\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x∕2}$ samples, the analysis of the Fe $K$-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure indicates the expected presence of oxygen vacancies ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}^{∙∙}$ in the first coordination shell…

X-ray spectroscopyX-ray absorption spectroscopyCrystallographyMaterials scienceAbsorption spectroscopyJahn–Teller effectX-ray crystallographyCondensed Matter PhysicsSpectroscopyElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsSolid solutionX-ray absorption fine structurePhysical Review B
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Single-Event Effects in the Peripheral Circuitry of a Commercial Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory

2018

This paper identifies the failure modes of a commercial 130-nm ferroelectric random access memory. The devices were irradiated with heavy-ion and pulsed focused X-ray beams. Various failure modes are observed, which generate characteristic error patterns, affecting isolated bits, words, groups of pages, and sometimes entire regions of the memory array. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. peerReviewed

X-rayFRAMsäteilyfysiikkaSEFIkäyttömuistitsingle-event effectstatic testmuistit (tietotekniikka)heavy ionsingle-event upsetdynamic test
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Spatial Bayesian Modeling Applied to the Surveys of Xylella fastidiosa in Alicante (Spain) and Apulia (Italy)

2020

The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first reported in Europe in 2013, in the province of Lecce, Italy, where extensive areas were affected by the olive quick decline syndrome, caused by the subsp. pauca. In Alicante, Spain, almond leaf scorch, caused by X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, was detected in 2017. The effects of climatic and spatial factors on the geographic distribution of X. fastidiosa in these two infested regions in Europe were studied. The presence/absence data of X. fastidiosa in the official surveys were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models through the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) methodology. Climatic covariates were obtained from …

Xylella fastidiosa0106 biological scienceshierarchical Bayesian modelsDiurnal rangeLeaf scorchPlant Sciencelcsh:Plant cultureBayesian inference01 natural sciences010104 statistics & probabilityCovariatemedicinelcsh:SB1-11100101 mathematicsspecies distribution modelsXylella fastidiosabiologySpatial structurealmond leaf scorchintegrated nested Laplace approximation15. Life on landbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseConfounding effectstochastic partial differential equationGeographyolive quick declineSampling distributionXylella fastidiosaCartography010606 plant biology & botanyFrontiers in Plant Science
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Food supplementation reveals constraints and adaptability of egg quality in the magpie Pica pica

2015

Differences in the deposition of limited maternal resources to eggs can reflect the optimal allocation to manipulate offspring phenotype, or constraints caused by maternal condition. We examined multiple maternal substances transferred to eggs in the magpie Pica pica to test the hypothesis that certain substances represent constraint and some optimal allocation. We did this by supplementary feeding magpies prior to egg-laying and then comparing the effect of food on maternal substances in conjunction with laying order relative to a control group. Certain substances such as carotenoids, immunoglobulins and avidin responded positively to food supplementation, whereas others, such as testoste…

YOLK TESTOSTERONEOffspringSPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUSmedia_common.quotation_subjectimmunoglobulinshatching asynchronyBiologyAdaptabilityBird eggANDROGENSAnimal scienceMATERNAL ANTIBODY TRANSMISSIONBIRD EGGSmedicinePica (disorder)Ecology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsTotal proteinmedia_commonGULL LARUS-RIDIBUNDUSBARN SWALLOW EGGSEcologyMaternal effectcarotenoidsLAYING ORDERHatching asynchronyOFFSPRING IMMUNITYtestosteroneOptimal allocationta1181maternal effectsAnimal Science and Zoologymedicine.symptomPARENTAL QUALITYAvian Biology Research
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IV-Curves of tunnel junction arrays at lowered temperature by numerical simulation

1996

We have numerically investigated the effect of lowered T on the performance of the Coulomb blockade thermometer, which has been demostrated to yield primary thermometry in the high T limit where thermal excitations compete with the Coulomb blockade. The thermometer is formed by an array of tunnel junctions whose differentiated IV—curve is used to determine the temperature. The IV—curves were calculated by computer simulations and we have obtained corrections to the analytic high T behaviour due to the lowered temperature.

Yield (engineering)Materials scienceComputer simulationCondensed matter physicsTunnel junctionThermometerThermalGeneral Physics and AstronomyCoulomb blockadeTemperature correctionCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectCzechoslovak Journal of Physics
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Kerr self-cleaning of pulsed beam in an ytterbium doped multimode fiber

2017

International audience; We experimentally demonstrate that Kerr spatial self-cleaning of a pulsed beam can be obtained in an amplifying multimode optical fiber. An input peak power of 500 W only was sufficient to produce a quasi-single-mode emission from the double-clad ytterbium doped multimode fiber (YMMF) with non-parabolic refractive index profile. We compare the self-cleaning behavior observed in the same fiber with loss and with gain. Laser gain introduces new opportunities to achieve spatial self-cleaning of light in multimode fibers at a relatively low power threshold.

YtterbiumOptical fiberMaterials scienceKerr effectoptical fiberschemistry.chemical_elementcleaningPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technologyRefractive index profilefibers01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticsOpticsKerr effectNonlinear optics fiberslawBrillouin scattering0103 physical sciencesFibercleaning; fibers; optical fibers[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Multi-mode optical fiber[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]business.industryGainFiber optics sensors021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyNonlinear wave mixingAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticschemistryOCIS codes: (060.4370) Nonlinear optics fibers; (060.2370) Fiber optics sensors; (190.4420) Nonlinear opticstransverse effects in; (190.3270) Kerr effect; (190.4223) Nonlinear wave mixing.0210 nano-technologybusinessNonlinear optics transverse effects
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Physicochemical Investigation of the Solubilization of Ytterbium Nitrate in AOT Reverse Micelles and Liquid Crystals

2006

A wide investigation of the solubilization of the water-soluble salt Yb(NO3)(3) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles and AOT liquid crystals has been carried out. After saturation of water/AOT/organic solvent w/o microemulsions with pure Yb(NO3)(3), the Yb(NO3)(3)/AOT composites were prepared by complete evaporation under vacuum of the volatile components (water and organic solvent) of the salt-containing microemulsions. It was observed that these composites can be totally dissolved in pure n-heptane or CCl4, allowing the solubilization of a noticeable amount of Yb(NO3)(3) in quite dry apolar media. By UV-vis-NIR, FT-IR, and H-1 NMR spectroscopies, some informati…

YtterbiumPolymers and PlasticsSmall-angle X-ray scatteringytterbium nitrateAOT reverse micelleInorganic chemistryAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementMicelleColloid and Surface ChemistrychemistryPulmonary surfactantLiquid crystalMaterials ChemistryProton NMRionic clustersconfinement effectMicroemulsionPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrySaturation (chemistry)solubilization
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Determination of Kerr and two-photon absorption coefficients of indandione derivatives

2017

This material is based upon work supported by the ERDF 1.1.1.1 activity project Nr. 1.1.1.1/16/A/046 “Application assessment of novel organic materials by prototyping of photonic devices” as well as by National Research Program “Multifunctional Materials and Composites, Photonics and Nanotechnology” (IMIS2) project “Photonics and materials for photonics”.

Z-scanMaterials scienceKerr effectPhotonHyperpolarizability02 engineering and technology01 natural sciences7. Clean energyTwo-photon absorptionlaw.invention010309 opticsOpticsKerr effectlaw0103 physical sciences:NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories]two-photon absorptionZ-scan techniqueAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)business.industrynonlinear opticsNonlinear optics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyLaser3. Good healthorganic materialsAtomic physics0210 nano-technologybusiness
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Optical diagnostic method for benzene detection in air

2014

In this paper we show our first results of research for creation a detector for benzene vapor and possibly other volatile organic compounds detection in air based on Zeeman atomic absorption technique. First the detailed study of benzene absorption spectra with high resolution spectrometer Jobin-Yvon 1000M was done. The absorption spectra of benzene were registered in the spectral range from 200-900 nm. More detailed analysis was done for the 240 – 260 nm spectral range to test a possibility to detect benzene by means of emission line of 254 nm of mercury.

Zeeman effectAbsorption spectroscopySpectrometerDetectorAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementlaw.inventionMercury (element)chemistry.chemical_compoundsymbols.namesakechemistrylawsymbolsEmission spectrumAtomic absorption spectroscopyBenzeneSPIE Proceedings
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