Search results for " effect"

Food selectivity and pickiness in adulthood: an age and gender-related behaviour?

2013

Food pickiness –or selectivity- is a behavior which may lead to a lack of variety and an unbalanced diet. While this trait has been studied in children, pickiness in adults has been more rarely explored and only recently in French elderly1. The first aim of the present work was to identify if pickiness varies according to age and gender in adults. The second aim was to examine the link between the selectivity score and self-reported degree of pickiness. Four hundred French adults from 25 to 75 years old answered an online survey. Respondents were asked to tick each food they dislike among a list of 71 food items. The selectivity score was the number of disliked food items1. Moreover, partic…

Differential activation of neural networks in an odor recognition task: an event-related fMRI study

2010

Differential activation of neural networks in an odor recognition task: an event-related fMRI study. 32. Annual meeting (AChemS)

Chapter 5 - Perceptual interactions in complex odor mixtures: the blending effect

2011

Le Priming Effect dans le sol : mécanismes, acteurs et conséquences sur les services écosystémiques dans un contexte de changement global

2022

The priming effect (PE) is a key mechanism contributing to the carbon balance of the soil ecosystem. Almost 100 years of research since its discovery in 1926 have led to a rich body of scientific publications to identify the drivers and mechanisms involved. A few review articles have summarised the acquired knowledge; the last major one was published in 2010. Since then, knowledge on the soil microbial communities involved in PE and in PE + C sequestration mechanisms has been considerably renewed.This article reviews current knowledge on soil PE to state to what extent new insights may improve our ability to understand and predict the evolution of soil C stocks. We propose a framework to un…

Phenological model performance to warmer conditions: application to Pinot noir in Burgundy.

2014

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The current work aims to assess the performance of two phenological models - a linear model (<em>Grapevine Flowering</em> <em>Véraison</em> model, <em>GFV</em>) and a curvilinear model (<em>Wang and</em> <em>Engel</em> model, <em>WE</em>) - to warmer temperature conditions for the grapevine variety Pinot noir in Burgundy.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Simulations using historical data from the 1973-2005 period were similar between models and consistent with observations. To mimic pot…

Rules and Mechanisms of Perceptual Interaction of Odor Mixtures : Application to Icewine aroma

2021

Icewine was used as an experimental object, and hundreds of wine- or food-related odor mixtures were designed and investigated for the first time based on the identification and analysis of icewine’ odorants. The aim of the thesis work was to explore the key odor elements that affected the perception of odor mixtures and the general laws behind olfactory perceptual interactions. The thesis manuscript contains seven chapters:The first review of the literature gives a brief introduction to the olfactory system and odor perception. Then, odorants’ mixture perception is highlighted through examples of interactions between odorants at the perceptual level. Research progress in perceptual interac…

Evolutionary ecology of the trans-generational immune priming in an insect

2012

Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) is defined as the plastic enhancement of offspring's immunocompetence following an immune challenge of the females of the parental generation. In vertebrates, this phenomenon is well described, and is achieved by the maternal transfer of antibodies. In invertebrates however, it has only recently been described. Since invertebrates do not possess antibodies, the mechanism of this transmission remains unknown. If the offspring is exposed to the maternal infection, an elevated immunocompetence can help it cope better with it. Nonetheless, apart from this benefit, several cues indicate that the TGIP bears some fitness costs for individuals. The evolution…

Dependence of seed nitrogen concentration on plant nitrogen availability during the seed filling in pea

1999

Abstract The final seed nitrogen (N) concentration of the pea ( Pisum sativum L.) varies greatly with environment. These variations seem to be related to N availability in the plant. To understand such an effect, the pattern of seed N concentration during seed filling was analysed at a given node as the ratio of seed N accumulation rate and seed dry matter accumulation rate. Three experiments were conducted in the field and glasshouse. Pea genotypes ‘Solara’, ‘Frisson’ and its non-nodulating mutant ‘P2’ were grown and different treatments were applied to manipulate N availability during seed filling. Treatments included N supply (addition of N fertiliser), depodding (removal of pods) and de…

Response of soil bacterial communities to the incorporation of crop residues : influence of agricultural practices and link with the soil biological …

2010

The effect of the location of wheat residues (soil surface vs. incorporated in soil) on their decomposition and on soil bacterial communities was investigated by the means of a field experiment. Bacterial-Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (B-ARISA) of DNA extracts from residues, detritusphere (soil adjacent to residues), and bulk soil evidenced that residues constitute the zone of maximal changes in bacterial composition. However, the location of the residues influenced greatly their decomposition and the dynamics of the colonizing bacterial communities. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene in DNA extracts from the residues at the early, middle, and late stages of degradation confirmed …

Quantification des flux d’azote induits par les cultures de légumineuses et étude de leurs déterminants : comparaison de 10 espèces de légumineuses à…

2019

In the context of agroecological transition, the reintroduction of legume crops should play a key role in cropping system sustainability by allowing a reduction of nitrogen (N) inputs. But few references are available concerning the agronomical and ecological services provided by a wide range of legume crops, particularly within crops succession scale. Thus, the main objective of our study is to quantify the N fluxes during and after the legume crops taking into account 10 legume crops (peas, lupin, faba bean, soybean...). Our experiment consists in i) quantifying symbiotic N fixation depending on the amount of soil inorganic N, the mineralisation of N present in legume crop residues after …