Search results for " effect"
showing 10 items of 7524 documents
Traffic-related environmental risk factors and their impact on oxidative stress and cardiovascular health
2020
Abstract The adverse effects of the environment on health are increasingly recognized. The WHO estimates that noise accounts for 1 million annually lost healthy life years in Western Europe due to increased incidence of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. An even more severe health impact was reported for air pollution (e.g., PM2.5) accounting for up to 800,000 annual excess deaths in Europe. Adverse effects of air pollution are mechanistically better characterized, but there is still a great need to understand the pathophysiology of air pollution-induced cardiovascular disease, especially the potential synergistic effects together with noise. With the present bo…
The Influence of Country-of-Origin on Human Resource Strategy of Multinational Companies in Developing Countries
2009
Human resources can be one of the company's sources of competitive advantage if it is managed effectively and efficiently. Taking this into considerations, MNCs are straggling in designing the human resource strategy that helps them to gain competitive advantage in host countries. In a globalized world however, multinational companies (MNCs) are in the complex pressure of finding appropriate balance between global, home country and local practices especially in the area of human resource management due to the fact that cultural contexts differ significantly among nations. According to theories of ethnocentricity, MNCs tend to transplant the dominant business strategic practices of the count…
Crossover, double-blind clinical trial comparing almotriptan and ergotamine plus caffeine for acute migraine therapy
2007
In this randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial, adult patients treated two migraine attacks: one with almotriptan 12.5 mg and the other with ergotamine 2 mg plus caffeine 200 mg. Treatment with almotriptan was associated with a significantly greater proportion of patients achieving 2-h pain free (20.9% vs. 13.7%; P < 0.05) and 2-h pain relief (57.7% vs. 44.5%; P < 0.01) compared with ergotamine plus caffeine therapy; significant differences were not seen at 1 h. Rates for sustained pain free and sustained pain free plus no adverse events (AEs) also were significantly greater after almotriptan treatment than after the use of ergotamine plus caffeine (P < 0.05). Almotriptan was as…
Probiotics. Going on the natural way.
2011
Science is providing us the tools to diagnose and treat the infection before it causes damage. For some decades now, bacteria known as probiotics have been added to various foods because of their beneficial effects for human health. It comprises knowledge of the relationship between diet and health and the effects of food ingredients on physiological functions and health. Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures; such as in yogurt or as dietary supplements. The potential application of probiotics for oral health has recently been the focus of attention for various health researchers. The number of products containing probiotics en…
The clomethiazole acute stroke study (CLASS): Safety results in 1,356 patients with acute hemispheric stroke.
2000
The Clomethiazole Acute Stroke Study (CLASS) showed no difference in outcome between patients treated with clomethiazole or placebo for all patients treated, but a beneficial effect in patients classified as a total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS). These are patients with clinical symptoms of a large stroke. Safety and tolerability data are reported here with emphasis on the safety of treating stroke patients with a sedative drug. In total, 1,356 patients were eligible for safety analysis. Mortality at 90 days was equal between the treatment groups (clomethiazole, 19.5%; placebo, 19.7%). Clomethiazole was generally well-tolerated. The most common adverse event was sedation (clomethiazo…
High-Efficiency Multi-Junction Photovoltaic Cells in School Physics Laboratory
2020
Energy consumption in the world is increasing more and more due to the huge energy request coming from emerging countries such as China, India, etc. To face the challenge of sustainability, a solution may be the use of solar energy, since it is the most abundant renewable energy source on Earth. The electromagnetic energy coming from the Sun can be converted into usable energy (electricity) by solar cells, whose conversion efficiency is continuously increasing due to scientific and technological progress. The proposed activity is thought to be carried out with secondary as well as high school students to allow teachers to discuss sustainability issues, and to provide students with an introd…
Internet banking loyalty: evaluating the role of trust, satisfaction, perceived risk and frequency of use
2011
This paper analyses the role of satisfaction, trust, frequency of use and perceived risk as antecedents of consumer loyalty to banking websites. While the literature usually focuses on the direct effects of these variables, special attention is paid here to evaluate their moderating effects on the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. The results from a sample of 254 Spanish users of Internet banking services show that while satisfaction correlates positively with loyalty, the effect is significantly less intense with high levels of perceived risk. The results are similar for trust, which correlates more positively with high levels of perceived risk, but also when Internet banking …
Shakedown of Structures Accounting for Damage Effects
2002
Shakedown theory for elastic-plastic-damage materials is exposed. Two kinds of shakedown are considered: i) Enlarged shakedown (or simply shakedown), in which both plastic deformations and damage eventually cease, after which the structural response is purely elastic; ii) Weak-form shakedown, in which plastic deformations eventually cease together with their consequences (including ductile damage), not necessarily damage from other sources (which are however escluded by assumption). An (enlarged) shakedown static-type theorem is given for a class of D-stable structures. Sufficient theorems of weak-form shakedown are provided, i.e. a static-type one (quite similar to that of Hachemi and Weic…
Separating efficacy and sedative effects of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD from four randomized, controlled, phase…
2016
IntroductionGuanfacine extended release (GXR) is a non-stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectiveTo separate efficacy and sedative treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) associated with GXR in four randomized, controlled trials in children (6–12 years) and adolescents (13–17 years) with ADHD.MethodsSPD503-301 (n = 345) and SPD503-304 (n = 324) were 8 and 9 week studies of fixed-dose GXR (≤ 4 mg/day). SPD503-312 (n = 314; adolescents only) and SPD503-316 (n = 338) were 10–13 week studies of dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day).ResultsIn fixed-dose studies, pooled incidences of sedative TEAEs with GXR were highest at week 1 (GXR, 13.9–18.7%; placebo, 8.7%)…
Response to 'TH1 and TH2 cytokine control of thyrocyte survival in thyroid autoimmunity'
2001
Mirakian et al. question our recent results, which suggest that thyrocyte survival during thyroid autoimmunity depends on differential effects of TH1 and TH2 cytokines1. Thyrocyte destruction in autoimmune thyroiditis is a slow process that lasts several years. We hypothesized that in thyroid autoimmunity the balance between life and death in thyrocytes depends on the predominance over the time of TH2 and TH1 cytokines, whose action is not restricted to immune cells but involves direct modulation of key molecules responsible for survival or death of target cells1.