Search results for " electrodes"

Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and subdural electrodes for pain modulation

2017

Thermometry by Arrays of Tunnel Junctions

1994

We show that arrays of tunnel junctions between normal metal electrodes exhibit features suitable for primary thermometry in an experimentally adjustable temperature range where thermal and charging effects compete. $I\ensuremath{-}V$ and $\frac{\mathrm{dI}}{\mathrm{dV}}$ vs $V$ have been calculated for two junctions including a universal analytic high temperature result. Experimentally the width of the conductance minimum in this regime scales with $T$ and $N$, the number of junctions, and its value (per junction) agrees with the calculated one to within 3% for large $N$. The height of this feature is inversely proportional to $T$.

Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review.

2015

Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the rea…

A Comparative Study of Poly(Azure A) Film-Modified Disposable Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of H₂O₂: Effect of Doping Anion.

2018

In the present paper, poly(azure A) (PAA) films were electrosynthetized in the presence of different doping anions on disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The anions used included inorganic monoatomic (chloride and fluoride), inorganic polyatomic (nitrate and sulfate) and organic polyatomic (dodecyl sulfate, DS) species. The coated electrodes thus obtained were characterized by electrochemical techniques and SEM. They showed improved electrocatalytic activities towards hydrogen peroxide oxidation compared to that of a bare SPCE. In particular, the insertion of DS anions inside PAA films provided a special sensitivity to the electrocatalysis of H2O2, which endowed these elect…

Electrodeposited nickel–zinc alloy nanostructured electrodes for alkaline electrolyzer

2022

Abstract Over the last decade, as a consequence of the global decarbonization process, the interest towards green hydrogen production has drastically increased. In particular a substantial research effort has focused on the efficient and affordable production of carbon-free hydrogen production processes. In this context, the development of more efficient electrolyzers with low-cost electrode/electrocatalyst materials can play a key role. This work, investigates the fabrication of electrodes of nickel-zinc alloys with nanowires morphology cathode for alkaline electrolyzers. Electrodes are obtained by the simple method of template electrosynthesis that is also inexpensive and easily scalable.…

Modeling and numerical simulation of the propagation of pitting corrosion of iron in chlorinated medium : contribution to the evaluation of the durab…

2012

This study deals with the understanding of the mechanisms of pitting corrosion susceptible to occur on carbon steel selected for high level nuclear waste containers. Transport/reaction models have been developed in order to simulate, by finite element method, the propagation of a pit on iron in chlorinated medium. For conservative models, pit is activated by imposing a potential on metal. Thanks to different parametric studies (geometry, environment…) simulations have permitted to classify, by severity order, the factors responsible of the increase or the inhibition of the localized corrosion rate. Otherwise, experiments on occluded (called « lead-in-pencil ») electrodes confirm that confin…

Fabrication of Nanostructured Ni and Ni-Pd electrodes for wateralkaline electrolyzer

2016

In the last years many attention has been dedicated to the increase of performance of Nichel based electrodes to use in water-alkaline electrolyzes. In our preliminary work we have shown that alkaline electrolyzer made with Ni nanowires covered with IrO2 (side oxygen evolution) nanoparticles and a Ni sheet (side hydrogen evolution) have very good and stable performance also at room temperature [1]. In this work, to obtain a complete nanostructured electrolyzer, the attention was focused on the fabrication of electrodes for hydrogen evolution. In particular, by metal displacement deposition we have grown on Ni nanowires electrodes, nanoparticles of Pd with the aim to enhance the electrocatal…

Fabrications of Nanostructures And Nano-Structured Devices Using Electrochemical Methods

2013

Optimization of Electrodeposited Nickel-Zinc Alloys for Alkaline Electrolyzer with Nanostructured Electrodes

It is common opinion that hydrogen will become increasingly important over time. However, many research efforts still need to be made to develop efficient, low-cost and carbon-free hydrogen production. In this context, electrolysers will play a key role, but it is necessary to develop efficient and low-cost electrode/electrocatalyst materials. In this work, Nickel-Zinc alloy electrodes with nanowires morphology were investigated as cathode for alkaline electrolyzer. Electrodes were obtained by the simple method of template electrosynthesis that is also inexpensive and scalable. Nanostructured electrodes were analysed by morphological and chemical analyses. The nanowires composition is depen…

Performance of Nanostructured Electrode in Lead Acid Battery

2015

Lead acid batteries have a large number of potential advantages, but the high weight of lead limits their use in new technologies, like hybrid or electrical cars, which require light batteries with high specific energy. We tried to overtake this limit with nanostructured electrodes of PbO2 and Pb, obtained by electrodeposition in polycarbonate template. In the case of lead, to obtain electrodes with very good mechanical stability, a systematic investigation of electrodeposition process was needed to overcome the formation of dendrites that is the principal limitation of electrochemical production of metal lead. Nanostructured electrodes were tested in a zero gap configuration, using commerc…