Search results for " endocrinology"
showing 10 items of 1321 documents
First German Guideline on Diagnostics and Therapy of Clinically Non-Functioning Pituitary Tumors
2021
AbstractAlthough non-functioning pituitary tumors are frequent, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts are not well standardized. We here present the first German multidisciplinary guideline on this topic. The single most important message is to manage the patients by a multidisciplinary team (consisting at least of an endocrinologist, a neurosurgeon, and a (neuro-) radiologist). The initial diagnostic work-up comprises a detailed characterization of both biochemical (focusing on hormonal excess or deficiency states) and morphological aspects (with magnetic resonance imaging of the sellar region). An ophthalmological examination is only needed in presence of symptoms or large tumors affecting …
The biology of the metabolic syndrome and aging.
2015
Aging of the world population is a major contributor to the growing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as older persons are frequently affected by the constellation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that constitute the syndrome. The metabolic syndrome has been related to the increasing prevalence of obesity, which is escalating even among older age groups. The present review covers data on the novel proposed biological mediators of the metabolic syndrome, which are as well linked to the aging process.Relevant biological mediators of metabolic syndrome and unhealthy aging include sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance with ectopic fat accumulation, magnesium metabolism alterati…
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Single joint exercises do not provide benefits in performance and anthropometric changes in recreational bodybuilders
2019
The purpose of the present study was to compare the changes in anthropometric measures and muscle performance in users and non-users of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) performing resistance trai...
Endocrine Challenges in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
2021
Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. Advancement of mechanical circulatory support technology has led to the use of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), reducing hospitalizations, and improving quality of life and outcomes in advanced HF. Recent studies have highlighted how metabolic and endocrine dysfunction may be a consequence of, or associated with, HF, and may represent a novel (still neglected) therapeutic target in the treatment of HF. On the other hand, it is not clear whether LVAD support, may impact the outcome by also improving organ perfusion as well as improving the neuro-hormonal state of the pat…
Vitamin C and E supplementation blunts increases in total lean body mass in elderly men after strength training
2015
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on changes in muscle mass (lean mass and muscle thickness) and strength during 12 weeks of strength training in elderly men. Thirty-four elderly males (60-81 years) were randomized to either an antioxidant group (500 mg of vitamin C and 117.5 mg vitamin E before and after training) or a placebo group following the same strength training program (three sessions per week). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle thickness by ultrasound imaging. Muscle strength was measured as one-repetition maximum (1RM). Total lean mass increased by 3.9% (95% confidence intervals: 3.…
Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues
2020
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly h…
Liraglutide Increases the Catabolism of Apolipoprotein B100–Containing Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Reduces Proprotein Convertas…
2021
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is atherogenic. Important features of diabetic dyslipidemia are increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and small dense LDL particles, which all have apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) as a major apolipoprotein. This prompted us to study the effect of the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotopes (L-[1-13C]leucine) in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with liraglutide (1.2 mg/day). We also evaluated in mice the effect of liraglutide on the expression of genes involved in apoB100-…
Quantitative and qualitative effects of rosuvastatin on LDL-cholesterol: what is the clinical significance ?
2009
Summary Background: Statins have emerged as the global leader in pharmacologic therapy for dyslipidaemia, and rosuvastatin has demonstrated clinical efficacy as well as safety in several clinical trials and postmarketing analyses. Aim: The present article reviewed the effects of rosuvastatin on the quantity and the quality of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Methods: We searched for and reviewed all the available evidence in a systematic way. A literature search (by Medline and Scopus) was performed using the following headings: ‘LDL-cholesterol’, ‘LDL size’, ‘LDL subclasses’, ‘small dense LDL’, ‘apolipoprotein B, apo B’ and ‘rosuvastatin’ up to 11 November 2008. The authors also manually…
PPAR in Cardiovascular Disorders
2016
Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that, upon binding their ligands, translocate into the nucleus, where they regulate transcription of numerous genes that have the peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) in the promoter region [1]. In humans, there are 3 PPAR isoforms: PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ. The isoforms have partially overlapping spectra of activity and are differently expressed in organs and tissues [2]. PPAR-α is expressed mostly in tissues characterized by high catabolic activity, including skeletal muscle, liver, proximal tubular cells in kidneys, and brown fat. This PPAR isoform regulates components of β-oxid…
The Influence of Treated and Untreated Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Metabolic Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
2021
Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are the most common endocrinological disorders among women of reproductive age. Since hypothyroidism occurs more frequently in PCOS patients, it is vital to explain its clinical impact. Aim. To evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and its treatment on the metabolic profile of patients with PCOS. Methods. 190 women with PCOS phenotype A were enrolled in the case-control study. They were divided into three groups: 38 women with PCOS and subclinical hypothyroidism, 76 women with PCOS and SCH under thyroid replacement therapy, and 76 women with PCOS and normal thyroid function (control group). Serum lipids, fasti…