Search results for " endothelium"

PE-11, a peptide derived from chromogranin B, in the rat eye.

2010

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence and distribution of PE-11, a peptide derived from chromogranin B, in the rat eye. For this purpose, newborn rats were injected with a single dosage of 50mg/kg capsaicin subcutaneously under the neck fold and after three months, particular eye tissues were dissected and the concentration of PE-11-like immunoreactivity was determined by radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, PE-11-like immunoreactivities were characterized in an extract of the rat eye by reversed phase HPLC. Then, the distribution pattern of PE-11 was investigated in the rat eye and rat trigeminal ganglion by immunofluorescence. As a result, PE-11 was present in each tissue of the …

Regulation of Oxygen Distribution in Tissues by Endothelial Nitric Oxide

2009

Nitric oxide (NO) decreases cellular oxygen (O 2 ) consumption by competitively inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we show that endogenously released endothelial NO, either basal or stimulated, can modulate O 2 consumption both throughout the thickness of conductance vessels and in the microcirculation. Furthermore, we have shown that such modulation regulates O 2 distribution to the surrounding tissues. We have demonstrated these effects by measuring O 2 consumption in blood vessels in a hypoxic chamber and O 2 distribution in the microcirculation using the fluorescent oxygen-probe Ru(phen) 3 2+ . Removal of NO by physical or pharmacological means, or in eNOS −/− mice, abolishes this …

Arterial stiffness, endothelial and cognitive function in subjects with type 2 diabetes in accordance with absence or presence of diabetic foot syndr…

2017

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of cardiovascular disease so endothelial and arterial stiffness indexes are good indicators of vascular health. We aimed to assess whether the presence of diabetic foot is associated with arterial stiffness and endothelial function impairment. METHODS: We studied 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) compared to 50 diabetic subjects without diabetic foot, and 53 patients without diabetes mellitus, by means of the mini mental state examination (MMSE) administered to evaluate cognitive performance. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) were also evaluated by Applanation…

Potential Effects of Dietary Vitamin E in Laboratory Animal Diets on Results Obtained in Models of Disease

1998

This chapter will demonstrate the importance of vitamin E dietary supplements on cell functions, on different biomedical systems, and on diverse pathophysiological conditions, with special emphasis being placed on cardiovascular pathophysiology. These effects are presented as a rationale for the use of vitamin E supplements in diets of farm animals, pets, and also of laboratory animals. The latter point gives reason for considerable problems, which are discussed in the last chapter of this article.

Targeted Delivery of Catalase to the Pulmonary Endothelium Preserves Graft Function of Non-Heart-Beating Donor Lungs in Pigs.

2009

Increased Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphangiogenic Growth Factor Expression in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2019

Experimental and human autopsy studies have associated adventitial lymphangiogenesis with atherosclerosis. An analysis of perivascular lymphangiogenesis in patients with coronary artery disease is lacking. Here, we examined lymphangiogenesis and its potential regulators in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding the heart (C-PVAT) and compared it with PVAT of the internal mammary artery (IMA-PVAT). Forty-six patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included. Perioperatively collected C-PVAT and IMA-PVAT were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, real time PCR, and PVAT-conditioned medium using cytokine arrays. C-PVAT exhibited increased PECAM-1 (platele…

Recent Patents on Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Chronic Heart Failure: The Central Role of Endothelium and Myeloperoxidase

2013

Endothelial cells are key modulators of multiple physiological processes, and their impairment may result in the generation of endothelial dysfunction and ultimately cardiovascular diseases. Under physiologic conditions, reactive oxygen and nitrogen mediators of endothelial cells act to propagate signals driven by different stimuli, by forming molecules with a longer half-life like hydrogen peroxide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. Under physiologic conditions, their tendency to cause oxidative damage is counterbalanced by the action of antioxidants or oxidant-scavenging enzymes. An imbalance in favour of oxidants leads to oxidat…

Effects of oxidative stress on primary human endothelial cells. Potential active contribution of endothelium to inflammatory heart diseases

2007

Super-resolution-based magnification of endothelium cells from biomicroscope videos of the cornea

2018

We present a practical, robust, and effective pipeline to compute a high-resolution (HR) image of the corneal endothelium starting from a low-resolution (LR) video sequence obtained with a general purpose slit lamp biomicroscope. An image quality typical of dedicated and more expensive confocal microscopes is achieved via software magnification by exploiting information redundancy in the video sequence. In particular, the HR image is generated from the best LR frames, obtained by identifying the most suitable endothelium video subsequence using a support vector machine-based learning approach, followed by a robust graph-based frame registration. Results on long, real sequences show that the…

Testing abnormality in the spatial arrangement of cells in the corneal endothelium using spatial point processes

2001

The study of central corneal endothelium morphology is important in Ophthalmology. Some of the pathologies that could compromise endothelial cell morphology are trauma, cataract, surgery, use of contact lenses, corneal dystrophies or degenerations. The quantitative analysis of cell shape and cellular pattern is more sensitive in detecting subtle changes in endothelial morphology than cell density measurement or cell area analysis. In this paper, the morphology of the central cornea, the most important area from the point of view of vision, is studied through an associated bivariate spatial point pattern: the centroids of the cells and the triple points, that is, the points where three diffe…