Search results for " entry"
showing 10 items of 131 documents
An Augmented Static Olley-Pakes Productivity Decomposition with Entry and Exit Measurement and Interpretation
2015
We develop an augmented Olley–Pakes (OP) decomposition that allows us to examine how entering and exiting firms contribute to the popular OP covariance measure of allocative efficiency. Applying the decomposition to a comprehensive micro-level data, we find that a large part of the OP covariance component can be attributed to entrants and exiting firms. We also build a model of firm dynamics that is consistent with our main empirical results. In the model economy, the standard OP covariance component tends to increase with certain type of distortions because of endogenous changes in firm entry and exit.
Competitive Pressure and Innovation at the Firm Level
2015
This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between market competitive pressure and firms' innovation using panel data of Spanish manufacturing firms for 1990–2006. We depart from standard measures of competition, and construct variables capturing the fundamentals of competitive pressure (product substitutability, market size and entry costs) to test the theoretical predictions of Vives [2008, The Journal of Industrial Economics] for free entry. Our results line up favourably with these predictions. We obtain that greater product substitutability and higher costs of entry lead to more process innovation but less product innovation, whereas market enlargement spurs both produc…
Product-market integration with endogenous firm heterogeneity
2021
Abstract This paper proposes a general equilibrium oligopoly model in which firm heterogeneity is endogenously reproduced through technology adoption decisions. The model can explain persistent oligopolistic market structures and prices in spite of free entry and market enlargement. Moreover, strong selection might deteriorate average cost efficiency due to strategic interactions. Integrating identical countries can be welfare-improving. But distributional issues and tensions between welfare and scale economies may arise. The theory can be motivated by recent evidence on oligopolistic market structures resisting globalization forces.
Market must be defended: The role of counter-espionage policy in protecting domestic market welfare
2022
Governments of advanced economies are extremely concerned about the illicit acquisition of information on critical technologies employed by their industries, and countering this economic espionage is quickly becoming one of their top priorities. The present paper advances the theoretical analysis of the interaction between economic espionage and counter-espionage, and presents a first approximation to an inquiry into the rationale for the influence of market competition in its dynamics. The proposed model assumes a country with a one-market economy open to international trade whose product is supplied by domestic firms. Moreover, successful economic espionage implying market entry of foreig…
Pathways of Cell Infection by Parvoviruses and Adeno-Associated Viruses
2004
Animal viruses have developed various strategies for infecting cells, and all begin with adsorption to cell surface receptors, penetration into the cytosol, uncoating or release of the viral genome, and targeting the genome and any required accessory proteins toward the correct cellular organelle or compartment for replication (26, 48, 63). Since genome delivery and release require the rearrangement of the viral structures, infection is normally a multistep process involving various viral and cellular components. Viruses that replicate in the nucleus must have mechanisms for transporting the genome and other components to the vicinity of the nuclear pore and into the nucleus (84). The endos…
The endocytic trafficking pathway of oncogenic papillomaviruses
2019
Over the last two decades many host cell proteins have been described to be involved in the process of infectious entry of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV). After initial binding and priming of the capsid, a sequence of events on the cell surface precedes the formation of the HPV entry platform. It has been shown that the virus-associated entry complex consists of membrane organizers, tetraspanins CD151 and CD63, and their associated partner proteins such as integrins, growth factor receptors, and the annexin A2 heterotetramer. Further recruitment of cytoplasmic factors such as the obscurin-like protein 1 and actin results in a non-canonical clathrin-independent endocytosis of the vir…
Exploring the uncertainty in capacity estimation at roundabouts
2017
Abstract Purpose In gap-acceptance theory the critical and the follow-up headways have a significant role in determining roundabout entry capacities which in turn depend on circulating flow rates under a specified arrival headway distribution. Calculation considers single mean values of the gap-acceptance parameters, neglecting the inherent variations in these random variables and providing a single value of entry capacity. The purpose of this paper is to derive the entry capacity distribution which accounts for the variations of the contributing (random) variables and suggest how to consider this issue in the operational analysis of the roundabouts. Methods We performed a Monte Carlo simul…
Entry in a Psychically Distant Market: Finnish Small and Medium-sized Software Firms in Japan
2008
This paper investigates the market entry and entry mode choice of eight small and medium-sized Finnish software firms in the Japanese market. The findings in this study reveal that, despite of the psychic distance between Finland and Japan, most of the firms entered Japan at a very early stage of their internationalization process by using direct entry modes. This was mainly due to the market size, sophisticated industry structure, and requirements for intensive cooperation with the customers during the sales process. The firms were able to overcome psychic distance by hiring local employees and western managers who already had working experience in the Japanese market. This finding indicat…
ENDOGENOUS TIMING WITH FREE ENTRY
2006
A free entry model with linear costs is considered where firms first choose their entry time and then compete in the market according to the resulting timing decisions. Multiple equilibria arise allowing for infinitely many industry output configurations encompassing one limit-output dominant firm and the Cournot equilibrium with free entry as extreme cases. Sequential entry is never observed. Both Stackelberg and Cournot-like outcomes are sustainable as equilibria however. When the number of incumbents is given, entry is always prevented, and industry output is sometimes larger than the entry preventing level.
Family business internationalization: an insight into opportunities and challenges.
2020
The theme of internationalization in family businesses is a highly topical issue that is increasingly attracting management scholars. This is because, in addition of being a particular type of business (Alcorn, 1982), they play a central role in most economies worldwide. Accounting for 65-80 percent of all the world’s firms, they generate around 70-90 percent of annual global GDP, and are the source of 50-80 percent of new jobs in most countries. Their essence lies in the close bond they have with their founders and above all, in the family’s involvement in the business ownership and management (Franco and Prata, 2019). This bond may prove to be a limit for fuelling internationalization pro…