Search results for " equilibrium."

showing 10 items of 518 documents

Kinetico-mechanistic studies of the acidolysis of Rh-C bonds in monocyclometallated dirhodium(II) acetato complexes; influence of electronic and ster…

2011

The protonation/demetallation reaction, in CD(3)COOD, of phosphine monometallated triacetato-bridged dirhodium(ii) complexes of general formulae [Rh(2)(μ-OOCCH(3))(3){(RC(5)CH(3))P(RC(6)H(4))(2)}(2)] has been studied from a kinetico-mechanistic perspective. The process has been monitored via the disappearance of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals of the protons present in the non-metallated ortho positions of the phosphine ligand and taking advantage of the relatively fast back metallation process that follows the acidolysis reaction, the sequence behaving as an overall equilibrium reaction. The process has a high associative character with important entropy demands, increasing both for…

Steric effectsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMolecular StructureChemistryLigandPhosphinesProtonationAcetatesPhotochemistryLigandsMedicinal chemistryCarbonInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundElectrophilePolar effectMoleculeRhodiumChemical equilibriumElectronicsAcidsPhosphineDalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
researchProduct

Biproportional Method for Analysing Interindustry Dynamics: the case of France

1990

Two elements are being presented in this paper: (1) A new and original method for analysing matrix dynamics, called the synthetical biproportional projector method (SBP), which can be used to project input–output tables and compare one with another. (2) Some results for France for the important period 1970–85. The paper starts with the observation that no systematic study of the change in the French productive structure as displayed In the input–output tables (tableaux entries-sorties in France) has ever been made. This is unfortunate, since a complete series of data is now available concerning a key period of the French economic evolution including the petroleum crisis, European integratio…

Structure (mathematical logic)JEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C67 - Input–Output ModelsEconomics and EconometricsEngineeringJEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C6 - Mathematical Methods • Programming Models • Mathematical and Simulation Modeling/C.C6.C67 - Input–Output ModelsOperations researchbusiness.industryJEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure Firm Strategy and Market Performance/L.L1.L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change • Industrial Price IndicesJEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceDynamics (music)European integrationJEL : D - Microeconomics/D.D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium/D.D5.D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis[ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and financesEvolutionary economicsJEL : L - Industrial Organization/L.L1 - Market Structure Firm Strategy and Market Performance/L.L1.L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change • Industrial Price Indicesbusiness[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and FinanceMathematical economicsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
researchProduct

Dual-Mode Chiral Self-Assembly of Cone-Shaped Subphthalocyanine Aromatics

2020

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of the American Chemical Society, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c07291

SubphthalocyanineChemistryThermodynamic equilibriumDimerStackingSupramolecular chemistryPorphyrinoidsSelf-assemblyQuímicaGeneral Chemistry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesBiochemistryCatalysis0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundColloid and Surface ChemistryEnantiopure drugPolymerizationChemical physicsLiquid crystalSupramolecular PolymersSelf-assembly
researchProduct

Chromospheric evaporation and phase mixing of Alfvén waves in coronal loops

2020

Phase mixing of Alfv\'en waves has been studied extensively as a possible coronal heating mechanism but without the full thermodynamic consequences considered self-consistently. It has been argued that in some cases, the thermodynamic feedback of the heating could substantially affect the transverse density gradient and even inhibit the phase mixing process. In this paper, we use MHD simulations with the appropriate thermodynamical terms included to quantify the evaporation following heating by phase mixing of Alfv\'en waves in a coronal loop and the effect of this evaporation on the transverse density profile. The numerical simulations were performed using the Lare2D code. We set up a 2D l…

Sun: generalatmosphere [Sun]Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)corona [Sun]010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesDensity gradientThermodynamic equilibriumT-NDASEvaporationAstrophysics01 natural sciencesAlfvén wave0103 physical sciencesgeneral [Sun]QB AstronomyAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSun: oscillations010303 astronomy & astrophysicsQCQB0105 earth and related environmental sciencesPhysicsSun: coronaoscillations [Sun]Astronomy and AstrophysicsMechanicsCoronal loopDissipationTransverse planeQC PhysicsAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpace and Planetary SciencePhysics::Space PhysicsWavesMagnetohydrodynamicsBDCSun: atmosphere
researchProduct

Comment on “Surface diffusion near the points corresponding to continuous phase transitions” [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 3197 (1998)]

1999

It is well known that unlike static equilibrium properties, kinetic quantities in Monte Carlo simulations are very sensitive to the details of the algorithm used for the microscopic transition rates. This is particularly true near the critical region where fluctuations are pronounced. We demonstrate that when diffusion of oxygen adatoms near the order–disorder transition of a lattice-gas model of the O/W(110) model system is studied, the transition rates must be chosen carefully. In particular, we show that the choice by Uebing and Zhdanov [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 3197 (1998)] is inappropriate for the study of critical effects in diffusion.

Surface diffusionMechanical equilibriumContinuous phase modulationCondensed matter physicsW(110)ChemistryMonte Carlo methodGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicsBoundary (topology)ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTINGKinetic energyNON-ARRHENIUS BEHAVIOROXYGENlaw.inventionMODELBOUNDARYlawPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryDiffusion (business)Phase diagramThe Journal of Chemical Physics
researchProduct

Effects of organic aerosol constituents on extinction and absorption coefficients and liquid water contents of fogs and clouds

1978

We have speculated on the influence of organic material on extinction and absorption coefficients and liquid water content of fogs and of clouds immediately after their condensational stage. It results therefore, that the reduction of the speed of growth from fog to cloud droplets due to the presence of organic films largely reduces the properties mentioned. Compared to that their increase coming from the surface tension reduction due to organic material being dissolved or building up films is expected to be less effective.

Surface tensionFogGeophysicsMaterials scienceGeochemistry and PetrologyThermodynamic equilibriumLiquid water contentExtinction (optical mineralogy)AbsorptanceAnalytical chemistryAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Atmospheric sciencesAerosolPure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH
researchProduct

Impacts of global multilateral trade liberalization on sustainability indicators

2007

A computable general equilibrium model was used to analyze trade liberalization impacts on sustainability. On the basis of multilateral trade negotiations in Doha Round, partial trade liberalization (PTL) and deep trade liberalization (DTL) scenarios were designed to assess their impacts on economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability using selected indicators. In a short time period DTL scenario showed high sustainability performance for developed and developing regions. In a longer time period gradual trade liberalization (PTL) appeared to be more beneficial in terms of sustainability performance for developing and least developed regions. Under both PTL and DTL scenari…

Sustainable developmentComputable general equilibriumMultilateral trade negotiationsbusiness.industrymedia_common.quotation_subjectInternational economicsInternational tradeNegotiationSustainabilityEconomicsbusinessTrade barrierGeneral Economics Econometrics and FinanceFree trademedia_commonLeast Developed Countries
researchProduct

“INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL” AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ‐ THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INSTITUTIONAL EQUILIBRIUM / INSTITUCINIS KAPITALAS KAIP DARNAUS…

2008

The main aim of this article is to provide a basis for changing the focus in New Institutional Economics (NIE) from the economic effects of institutions to the importance of “institutional capital” for sustainable development. First, a theoretical model of NIE is presented in the context of sustainable development. Then, the concept of an institutional equilibrium (where informal institutions support and strengthen formal institutions) is discussed as an important determinant of “institutional capital” stimulating or hampering sustainable development. Santrauka Šio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti naujos institucinės ekonomikos (NIE) pokyčius, kai pastebimas perėjimas nuo ekonominių institucij…

Sustainable developmentsustainable developmentHF5001-6182Welfare economicsInstitutional economicsinstitutional economicsEconomic growth development planninginstitutional capitalCapital (economics)HD72-88EconomicsBusinessinstitutional equilibriumFinanceTechnological and Economic Development of Economy
researchProduct

Alteration of anion gap during almost total plasma replacement with synthetic colloids in piglets

2000

In ten piglets (body weight 8.2-11.6 kg), acid base, electrolyte and anion gap changes were investigated during almost total plasma replacement with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and modified fluid gelatin (GEL) in saline solution using a cell saver autotransfusion technique. During the study, there were only moderate acid base changes, but marked disturbances in anion balance. At study end, the mean chloride concentration was significantly higher (mmol/l: normal values 97-108, HES 116 +/- 1.5, GEL 108 +/- 1.1, p0.01) and the mean anion gap was significantly lower in the HES group in comparison to the GEL group (mmol/l: normal values 5-14, HES 3 +/- 1.7, GEL 11.9 +/- 0.9, p0.01). It is conclude…

Swinemedicine.medical_treatmentPlasma SubstitutesAnion gapAcid–base homeostasisElectrolyteHydroxyethyl starchCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineChlorideHydroxyethyl Starch DerivativesBlood Transfusion AutologousElectrolytesRandom AllocationColloidmedicineAnimalsColloidsSalineAcid-Base EquilibriumChromatographybusiness.industrySuccinatesMetabolic acidosisHydrogen-Ion Concentrationmedicine.diseaseDisease Models AnimalAnimals NewbornBiochemistryFluid TherapyGelatinFemalebusinessmedicine.drugIntensive Care Medicine
researchProduct

Graphical and Analytical Quantitative Comparison in the Domes Assessment: The Case of San Francesco di Paola

2021

(1) Methods for checking the condition of monumental masonry structures can still be considered understudied. Among the different approaches available in the literature, the graphical ones have a special role, due to their simplicity and effectiveness. (2) In this work, a 2D method (Thrust Line Analysis (TLA)), the Modified Thrust Line Method (MTLM), and the 3D Membrane Equilibrium Analysis (MEA) method are compared. All methods have the same starting concept: no tensile strength, no sliding between the stone blocks, infinite compressive strength. (3) The methods are compared in terms of stress distribution (for the same—or similar—thrust line), and in terms of the Geometrical Safety Factor…

TechnologyHoop forceComputer scienceQH301-705.5media_common.quotation_subjectQC1-999thrust line analysisSettore ICAR/11 - Produzione Edilizia020101 civil engineeringThrust02 engineering and technology0201 civil engineeringmasonry domes0203 mechanical engineeringSimple (abstract algebra)Settore ICAR/08 - Scienza delle CostruzioniGeneral Materials ScienceSimplicitymembrane equilibrium analysisBiology (General)masonry domemodified thrust line methodInstrumentationQD1-999membrane equilibrium analysimedia_commonFluid Flow and Transfer ProcessesSafety factorbusiness.industryProcess Chemistry and TechnologyTPhysicsGeneral EngineeringStructural engineeringMasonryStress distributionthrust line analysiEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)Computer Science Applicationsrigid no-tension materialChemistry020303 mechanical engineering & transportsCompressive strengthLine (geometry)hoop forcesTA1-2040businessmasonry domes; thrust line analysis; modified thrust line method; membrane equilibrium analysis; rigid no-tension material; hoop forcesApplied Sciences
researchProduct