Search results for " expenditure"

La prescripción farmacéutica en atención primaria. Informe SESPAS 2012

2012

ResumenEn 2010, el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) facturó 958 millones de recetas. Dada la masiva exposición de la población a los medicamentos, los riesgos asociados a su consumo adquieren una enorme relevancia desde la perspectiva de salud pública. Pacientes sobremedicados en situaciones de bajo riesgo e inframedicados en situaciones de indicación demostrada, deficientemente informados, polimedicados, automedicados y un porcentaje no despreciable que sufre efectos adversos evitables, es en buena parte la fotografía de la prescripción en atención primaria que puede mejorarse. Sorprendentemente, la mayor parte de las estrategias farmacéuticas en el SNS no se han orientado al control de est…

Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research.

2015

Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistica…

Determinants of Sub-Sovereign Government Ratings In Europe

2017

The aim of this paper is to identify the determinantsof the rating assigned to sub-sovereignentities in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France,Italy and Spain, using a total of 92 territorial entitiesfor the 1989-2012 period. Multinomial orderedprobit estimation models were estimatedfor each specifi cation and agency.We conclude that the country’s rating is oneof the most important determinants of regionalgovernment’s ratings with a positive infl uence(as expected), and that the country debt/GDPratio is a stronger determinant for regions thantheir own indebtedness with a negative sign.Other relevant variables are population growthrate, unemployment rate, elderly people weight,regional public exp…

Genetic ablation of macrohistone H2A1 leads to increased leanness, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure in mice fed a high-fat diet.

2015

Contains fulltext : 155347.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In the context of obesity, epigenetic mechanisms regulate cell-specific chromatin plasticity, perpetuating gene expression responses to nutrient excess. MacroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, emerged as a key chromatin regulator sensing small nutrients during cell proliferation and differentiation. Mice genetically ablated for macroH2A1 (knockout (KO)) do not show overt phenotypes under a standard diet. Our objective was to analyse the in vivo role of macroH2A1 in response to nutritional excess. METHODS: Twelve-week-old whole-body macroH2A1 KO male mice were given a high-fat diet (60% energy from lard…

Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Devel…

2020

BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For …

The Analysis of the Relationship between the Level of the Public Expenditure for Investments and de Degree of Development of the Society in Romania

2013

Abstract Public expenditure for development have a decisive role in Romania in the economic recovery of the country, in a first step, but at the same time taking into account the EU's objectives. Romania during 2000-2010 had the largest public investment expenditures across European countries as a share of GDP, and in 2011 was ranked second after Poland. But while the share of GDP allocated to public investment in Romania is above the average of EU countries, in the economy these expenditures have been seen too little. Looking at Lisbon Index score, which tracks the performance of member countries to achieve the objectives of the current Lisbon strategy, one can notice that Romania is on th…

Does Tourism Consumption Behaviour Mirror Differences in Living Standards?

2016

Based on the theoretical foundation of well-being measurement, the study explores differences in living standards by analysing the distribution of tourism expenditure. A mixture of regression models is used to explore the heterogeneity in tourism consumption by identifying groups of families with similar tourism consumption behaviour as a function of certain socio-demographic and economic factors. The empirical analysis, performed on Italian expenditure data, suggests that there are three different patterns of consumption behaviour conditional to the socio-demographic and economic covariates in the tourism market and that differences in tourism consumption between groups of households mirro…

A Nordic Welfare State in Post-industrial Society

2009

Visibility estimates of budgetary burden and benefit in European countries

2000

Intermediate territorial levels of government in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain are different regarding their basic institutions, devolved powers, revenue and public expenditure systems, public revenue equalization mechanisms, accountability, public performance management, and financial control bodies. In spite of the complexity derived from these different characteristics, this paper presents some indicators which permit the creation of time and space fiscal visibility measurements and comparisons. It also advances systematic estimates on visibility for intermediate subsystems of public revenue and expenditure now in force in these European countries. Policy implications seem str…

Does one size fit all? The impact of cognitive skills on economic growth

2016

Les Documents de Travail de l'IREDU, n°2016-1; This paper tests for heterogeneous effects of cognitive skills on economic growth across countries. Using a new extended dataset on cognitive skills and controlling for potential endogeneity, we find that the magnitude of the effect is about 60 per cent higher for low-income countries compared to high-income countries, and it more than doubles when low TFP countries are compared to high TFP countries. There are also marked differences across geographic regions. Using data on the share of the population with advanced and minimum skill levels, our results also indicate that high-income countries should focus on increasing the number of high skill…