Search results for " exposure"
showing 10 items of 1011 documents
Where do food likes and dislikes come from?
2020
Where do food likes and dislikes come from ? In other words, what are the factors that could explain why someone likes or dislikes a given food ? Most of the hedonic reactions to sensory stimulations brought by foods and, as a result reactions to foods carrying these sensory properties are learned through different learning mechanisms. The efficiency of these learning mechanisms mat depend on individual characteristics, in particular on the sensitivity to different sensory properties. Not all learnings are related to experiments with the food itself; many leamings depend on interactions within the family or social environment. Finally, cognitive determinants play also a role and, in particu…
Quantification of cadmium-induced metallothionein in crustaceans by the silver-saturation method
1995
Metallothionein (MT) has been proposed as a specific biochemical probe for metal exposure of aquatic organisms. It is recognized that its usefulness as a monitoring tool depends on the full understanding of its function and on the possibility of measuring its concentration in tissues. Therefore the study of MT in crustaceans is interesting from two different points of view: the need to understand mechanisms associated with the toxicology of metals, and the potential use of this protein for monitoring metal-contamined environments. Several methods have been developed for quantitative measurements of MT in biological samples. Immunochemical and electrochemical procedures are reliable techniqu…
Interpretation of gut microbiota data in the ‘eye of the beholder’: A commentary and re‐evaluation of data from ‘Impacts of radiation exposure on the…
2021
1.Evidence that exposure to environmental pollutants can alter the gut microbiota composition of wildlife includes studies of rodents exposed to radionuclides. 2.Antwis et al. (2021) used amplicon sequencing to characterise the gut microbiota of four species of rodent (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and A. sylvaticus) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) to examine possible changes in gut bacteria (microbiota) and gut fungi (mycobiota) associated with exposure to radionuclides and whether the sample type (from caecum or faeces) affected the analysis. 3.The conclusions derived from the analyses of gut mycobiota are based on data that represent a mixture of inges…
Analysis of seroprevalence against [i]Coxiella burnetii[/i] in a sample of farm workers in Western Sicily
2015
[b]Introduction and objective. [/b]Little is known about the development of chronic Q fever caused by [i]Coxiella burnetii [/i]in occupational risk groups and in the general population in Italy, as well as in many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to highlight the presence of the infection in a sample of workers operating outdoors (but not directly in contact with animals), in three provinces of western Sicily, in order to detect the human seroprevalence and compare the obtained data with those found in animals raised in the same territory. [b]Materials and methods.[/b] The study included 126 generic seasonal agricultural workers (labourers), 84 male and 42 female; none of w…
At the Roots of Product Placement: The Mere Exposure Effect
2013
The present study aims to analyze the effect of product placement on attitude change and takes into consideration psychological models of the mere exposure effect. A sample of high school students watched an excerpt from two widely-distributed movies in which several products were shown by using the technique known as product placement. The results indicate that students who saw the commercial brand liked the products more than those who didn’t see it. This effect, in line with the literature on the product placement effect, seems to be independent from the recognition of the brand in the movie excerpt. This study also shows that, in the high involvement condition, one exposure is enough to…
A Comparative Analysis in the Field of the Economic Exposure to Currency Risk
2017
Currency fluctuations became a daily habit of nowadays financial markets and their impact canbe felt in all companies, from the mere domestic ones to the transnational corporations withintricate businesses around the world. Our paper investigates the economic exposure to currencyrisk for a number of 20 companies from Romania and Croatia, between 2006 and 2011, on a shorttermand long-term perspective. The results picture a different image regarding these companies’exposure either to the Euro and the US dollar. We find that Romanian companies are moreexposed to unexpected changes in the value of their national currency against both the Euro andthe US dollar compared to Croatian companies, wit…
Allergic sensitization to common pets (cats/dogs) according to different possible modalities of exposure: an Italian Multicenter Study
2018
Abstract Background The query “are there animals at home?” is usually administered for collecting information on anamnesis. This modality to consider exposure to pet allergens constitutes a potential bias in epidemiological studies and in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate/quantify different modalities of exposure to cat/dog in inducing allergic sensitization. Methods Thirty Italian Allergy units participated in this study. Each centre was required to collect the data of at least 20 consecutive outpatients sensitized to cat/dog allergens. A standardized form reported all demographic data and a particular attention was paid in relieving possible modalities of exposure to…
Hazardous air pollutants and primary liver cancer in Texas.
2016
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is increasing in the US and tripled during the past two decades. The reasons for such phenomenon remain poorly understood. Texas is among continental states with the highest incidence of liver cancer with an annual increment of 5.7%. Established risk factors for HCC include Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) viral infection, alcohol, tobacco and suspected risk factors include obesity and diabetes. While distribution of these risk factors in the state of Texas is similar to the national data and homogeneous, the incidence of HCC in this state is exceptionally higher than the national average and appears to be di…
Usefulness of biomarkers as intermediate endpoints in health risks posed by occupational lead exposure
2015
The article concerns potential harmful effects of exposure to lead. Although the occurrence of severe lead poisoning has receded in several countries, occupational exposure resulting in moderate and clinically symptomatic toxicity is still common. An earlier and precise characterization of an individual response is obligatory in order to assess the possible risks for human health. Biomarkers may fill important gaps in the path from exposure to a disease. Specifically speaking, emerging (DNA double strand breaks and telomeric DNA erosion) and validated (micronuclei induction and chromosomal aberrations) biomarkers of genotoxicity seem to provide evidence for the assessment of molecular and c…
Effect of energy density on liking and on caloric adjustment conditioning after sweet beverage exposure in children aged 8-11 y
2014
The contribution of sweet beverages to weight gain in children and adolescents is controversial. The present study was conducted to study, in 8-11 year-old children, the influence of energy conditioning on liking and on caloric adjustment after sweet beverages exposure. We also studied the stability of the conditioning effects after a period without exposure and an extinction period. Children (n = 44) were exposed to 2 flavored sweetened beverages: a high energy version (HE: 150kcal) and a no energy version (NE: 0kcal). During a 4-wk conditioning period, children were exposed either 2 or 7 times to each beverage. During a 3-wk stability period children were not exposed to any beverage. Duri…